Compositions – Inorganic luminescent compositions – Tungsten containing
Patent
1992-10-22
1994-03-29
Raymond, Richard L.
Compositions
Inorganic luminescent compositions
Tungsten containing
252306, 252310, 564159, 564156, 564153, 430449, B01J 1300, C07C23304
Patent
active
052981916
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to non-ionic surface active compounds.
Non-ionic surface active compounds are known for use in a wide variety of applications. For example, they have found use as agents which lower surface tension, wetting aids and emulsifiers.
EP-A-0 314 425 describes non-ionic surface active compounds which are particularly useful as coating aids and dispersing aids in the preparation of photographic materials.
The invention provides non-ionic surface active compounds which are useful alternatives to the known compounds and which possess unexpected advantages compared to the compounds of EP-A-0 314 425.
The non-ionic surface active compounds of the invention are soluble or dispersible in water and exhibit properties that are typical of hydrophilic surfactants. For example, they lower surface tension when in solution in water and the resulting solutions readily foam and improve the wetting of hydrophobic solid surfaces. The compounds are particularly good emulsifying agents for oils. Being non-ionic, they do not cause increases in viscosity when added to charged polyelectrolyte systems e.g. aqueous gelatin. In disperse systems containing ionic surfactant and charged polyelectrolyte they can reduce viscosity, particularly at low shear.
It is often necessary to incorporate an anionic surface active agent and a non-ionic surface active agent in a hydrophilic colloid composition for photographic use. When a compound according to EP-A-0 314 425 is used in combination with an anionic surface active agent in an aqueous solution of non-deionised gelatin, an undesirable cloudiness is produced in the solution. This problem can be overcome by using a compound according to the invention instead of the surface active compound of EP-A-0 314 425.
Furthermore, the compounds of the invention are very effective at lowering the viscosity of dispersions of oils of fine droplet size in aqueous gelatin made using anionic surfactants as dispersing aids.
A further advantage possessed by the compounds of the invention is that they are more readily prepared than the compounds of EP-A-0 314 425.
The invention provides water-soluble or water-dispersible compounds having the formula ##STR3## wherein
L is ##STR4##
L' is a chemical bond, --O--, --S--, --NH--, --CONH-- or --SO.sub.2 NH--;
R is a hydrophobic substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
each of a and b independently is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, provided that the sum of a and b is not greater than 3; and,
each of x and y independently is an integer from 3 to 7.
Preferably, R contains from 6 to 36, more preferably from 6 to 24 and most preferably from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. A particularly preferred R group is an n-alkyl group containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
Preferably, each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently is a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl group.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided a composition comprising a hydrophilic colloid and a surface active agent characterised in that the surface active agent is a compound according to the invention.
The compounds of the invention may be used as coating aids and as dispersing aids in the preparation of photographic materials.
In the preparation of a photographic material, it is usual to coat a support with one or more layers comprising an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic colloid binder, preferably, gelatin. Such layers include, for example, silver halide emulsion layers, intermediate layers, antihalation layers, filter layers, antistatic layers and protective layers. Such layers normally contain one or more surface active agents.
A number of photographic additives used in light-sensitive photographic materials are hydrophobic. Oil-soluble additives may be incorporated in the material by dissolving them in a substantially water-insoluble, high boiling point solvent which is then dispersed in an aqueou
REFERENCES:
patent: 4956274 (1990-09-01), Khanna et al.
Newington Ian M.
Pitt Alan R.
Eastman Kodak Company
Kumar Shailendra
Leipold Paul A.
Raymond Richard L.
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