Gas separation – Means within gas stream for conducting concentrate to collector
Patent
1981-11-05
1984-02-28
Spitzer, Robert H.
Gas separation
Means within gas stream for conducting concentrate to collector
55197, 55208, 55386, 73 19, B01D 5322
Patent
active
044339828
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to an input head in accordance with the class defined in claim 1, that is, to an input head of a measuring or detection system for chemical agents for detecting these agents, with a heated membrane, which is exposed directly to the agents which dissolve selectively in the membrane, diffuse through it and emerge in vapor form on the other side, the membrane optionally being backwashed with a carrier gas in order to conduct the agents detected to the system.
STATE OF THE ART
Such an input head has become known through the paper by G. E. Spangler, Internat. Laboratory July/August 1975, pages 24-33 (Section 3 b). It is used in a single stage or a multistage version as an enrichment and inlet system for gaseous samples (such as air samples in monitoring the environment) in gas chromatography or as an interface for the coupling between gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers.
This input head is so constructed, that its application is limited to samples present in gaseous form.
There are however areas of applications, in which this prerequisite is not fulfilled, that is, in which particularly liquid, organic substances are present directly or in aqueous solution.
The German Auslegeschrift No. 2,022,958 describes an input head of a measuring or identification system for chemical agents for detecting these agents, with a heated membrane, which is exposed directly to the agents which dissolve selectively in the membrane, diffuse through it and emerge in vapor form on the other side, and which is backwashed with a carrier gas in order to conduct the agents detected to the system. The organic agents are present exclusively in aqueous solution, that is, the corresponding contaminated liquid is passed over the membrane. In this particular process, the membrane can be self-supporting or it may consist of film of material which is supported on a porous, vitreous support (column 2, lines 20 to 24 of the German Auslegeschrift).
Such a membrane is however not suitable for direct contact with a contaminated solid surface. In the case of a self-supporting embodiment, the membrane would break on contact. In the embodiment, in which the membrane is supported on a porous, vitreous carrier, the supported membrane layer would be shifted and torn.
The known membrane is rigid, inadequately elastic and therefore not sufficiently durable. For this reason, it has been possible until now--in spite of great efforts to the contrary--to determine the agents, which are on the solid surface, only indirectly by converting them into the gaseous phase, for example, by the action of heat. A direct contact of the membrane with the solid surface has not been regarded possible until now.
In one of these areas of application, the input head is used as a detection probe of a mobile detection system, which has the task of detecting dangerous chemicals which contaminate the country, especially of detecting those substances on surfaces of all kinds which, like some warfare agents for example, develop a poisonous effect on contact with the skin.
A further area of application is the usual routine inlet system for gas chromatography (GC) and for the combination of gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer (GC/MS coupling), both important instrumental methods for environmental and trace analysis.
The first-mentioned area of application starts out from the possibility that, as a result of environmental catastrophies or the use of persistent chemical warfare agents, unprotected people will not be able to enter larger areas of the country.
In order to evaluate the extent of such contamination of the country by chemical agents and to be able to decide on concerted protective and defensive measures, numerous qualitative and semiquantitative analyses are required, which can be carried out largely automatically by known procedures and within a short time from a protected detecting vehicle.
For this purpose, a detection probe must be brought actively, and at short intervals of time and space, to the soil or to the surface in
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Kranich Klaus O.
Kremer Johannes H.
Odernheimer Bernhard
Bruker-Franzen Analytik GmbH
Spitzer Robert H.
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