Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Patent
1995-10-11
1998-11-03
Page, Thurman K.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
424 49, 424422, 424440, A61K 716, A01N 2500
Patent
active
058304894
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a protein preparation for preventing and curing bacterial pathologies and disorders of the oral cavity, in particular periodontitis and dental caries.
BACKGROUND ART
Periodontal disease comprises a group of disorders that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, leading to their progressive pathologic-anatomical deterioration and ultimately to a possible complete loss of the dental elements. From an epidemiological point of view, it has been stressed that periodontal disease, in its various forms, affects a considerable number of individuals (30-40% between 25 and 40 years of age, and 60-70% of individuals over 40).
From a clinical point of view, the disease is characterized by gum inflammation, edema, provoked or spontaneous bleeding, apical migration of the connective attachment, with the forming of periodontal pockets, bone reabsorption, marked dental mobility and, in some cases, gum recession.
A few years ago it was demonstrated that periodontitis, in all of its clinical forms, has a bacterial etiology and that the microorganisms that most frequently cause this disease are Gram-negative obligate anaerobes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Dental caries is instead a demineralizing disorder that affects teeth at all levels and can cause extensive crown mutilations, bacterial disorders of the periapical tissues or even loss of the affected dental elements. Approximately 50% of adult individuals have at least four caries-related lesions treated and to be treated, and approximately 30% of adult individuals have over 50% of their teeth affected by caries.
Clinically, the disease is characterized by demineralization of the dental enamel and of the dentin in various stages of progress, until it affects the pulp space. When the lesion passes beyond the enamel-dentin border, a phlogistic reaction of the pulp tissues is constantly observed, with the formation of reaction dentin in some cases.
It has been demonstrated that caries is produced by an acid attack on the dental surfaces, linked to the fermentative metabolism of sugars in the diet on the part of some bacterial species capable of adhering to the dental enamel. The species most frequently responsible for caries is Streptococcus mutans.
It has been extensively demonstrated that the ability of microorganisms to produce infections is linked to the possibility of their adhering specifically or non-specifically to the different tissues, which allows the microorganisms to subsequently colonize the tissues extensively. In the pathogenesis of the most common infections of the oral cavity, bacterial adhesion and subsequent colonization of dental surfaces and soft tissues is undoubtedly of primary importance. The dental surface is normally covered by a thin film (acquired film) formed by the salivary glycoproteins that adsorb selectively on the surface of the tooth, allowing colonization on the part of specific microorganisms and preventing it to others. Furthermore, saliva is constituted by a series of protein-based substances having an antibacterial activity. Consequently, by possessing an antibacterial activity and an anti-adhesive activity of a competitive type against pathogenic species, saliva has a very important role in the qualitative and quantitative control of the microbial flora of the oral cavity. From the above it is evident that the optimum compound to be administered to prevent and cure microbial affections of the oral cavity must have an antibacterial and anti-adhesive activity like the protein components of saliva.
Currently, periodontitis and caries are treated by mechanically removing the dental plaque and the damaged tissues and by surgically correcting and reconstructing the damaged structures. Furthermore, restoration of optimum oral hygiene conditions by using mouthwashes is very important in preventing and curing these affections. However, treatment with mouthwashes based on disinfectant substances is not the ideal adjuvant treatment in preventing and curing these disorders. These s
REFERENCES:
patent: 5202113 (1993-04-01), London
patent: 5422108 (1995-06-01), Mirkov et al.
Antonini Giovanni
Valenti Piera
Fuller Jr. Grover F.
Ginsburg Paul H.
Page Thurman K.
Pfizer Inc.
Richardson Peter C.
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