Process for the preparation of stable water-in-oil emulsions of

Details Process for the preparation of stable water-in-oil emulsions of Process for the preparation of stable water-in-oil emulsions of

1996-11-21

1998-04-14

Reddick, Judy M.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...

162 72, 162 76, 210735, 524 5, 524 11, 524306, 524311, 524504, 524505, 524801, 524813, C08K 510

Patent

active

057391904

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable water-in-oil emulsions of hydrolyzed polymers of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amides by the hydrolysis of the polymers in the form of water-in-oil polymeric emulsions in the presence of emulsifiers, to the water-in-oil polymeric emulsions thus obtained, and to their use as flocculating agents, retention agents, and dispersing agents.
2. Discussion of the Background
Partially hydrolyzed polymers of N-vinyl formamide are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,602. The linear basic polymers described therein contain as characteristic components from 90 to 10 mol % of vinyl amine units and from 10 to 90 mol % of N-vinyl formamide units. They are prepared in the presence of acids or bases by the polymerization of N-vinyl formamide and hydrolysis of the polymers in a dissolved state. The polymerization of the N-vinyl formamide can be carried out in the manner of a water-in-oil polymerization, but it is not possible to prepare stable water-in-oil emulsions therefrom by hydrolysis of the saponified polymers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,699 discloses a process for the preparation of pulverulent, linear, basic polymers containing vinyl amine and N-vinyl formamide units as polymerized material, in which pulverulent polymers of N-vinyl formamide are hydrolyzed in the presence of not more than 5 wt % of water, based on the polymer used, using a gaseous hydrohalic acid. The hydrolysis of the polymer is preferably carried out in the absence of water. The particle size of the N-vinyl formamide polymer is from 10 to 1000, preferably from 50 to 400 mm.
EP-A 0,216,387 reveals a process for the preparation of water-soluble copolymers containing vinyl amine units as polymerized material by copolymerization of from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylvinyl ethers, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, esters, nitriles, and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid followed by hydrolysis of the copolymer copolymer. The preparation of the polymers can take place in a water-in-oil emulsion, but the hydrolysis is carried out in the form of a paste in aqueous suspension or aqueous solution.
EP-A 0,231,901 discloses the preparation of particularly high molecular weight polymers of N-vinyl formamide, in which a highly purified N-vinyl formamide is subjected to polymerization in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion.
EP-A 0,262,577 and EP-A 0,264,649 likewise describe the polymerization of N-vinyl formamide and substituted N-vinyl amides in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion; however the hydrolysis again takes place in aqueous solution, in each case.
Dilute aqueous solutions of high molecular weight polymers containing N-vinyl amine units as polymerized material have a very high viscosity. Thus 5% strength aqueous solutions are no longer capable of being pumped, for example. Water-in-oil polymeric emulsions may therefore be regarded as being suitable for the economical use of hydrolyzed polymers of N-vinyl amides, which still have a relatively low viscosity even at polymer contents of from 20 to 40 wt %, so that they are capable of being pumped.
GB-A 1,562,417 discloses a process for the preparation of non-settling water-in-oil dispersions of acrylamide polymers, in which the polymerization is carried out in the presence of emulsifiers which can be obtained by the reaction of glycidyl ethers of C.sub.10 -C.sub.22 fatty alcohols with dihydric to hexahydric alcohols having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or their monoethers derived from C.sub.10 -C.sub.22 alcohols, in a molar ratio of glycidyl ether to alcohol ranging from 1:0.5 to 1:6. If desired, these emulsifiers can be caused to react with alkylene oxides having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms in a molar ratio 1:1 to 1:6.
EP-A 0,374,646 discloses a process for the preparation of stable water-in-oil emulsions of hydrolyzed polymers of N-vinyl amides, in which the emulsifiers used are the compounds described in GB-A 1,562,417 cited above. A drawback of these em

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