Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1995-04-17
1997-07-01
Ramirez, Ellis B.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
H04J 300
Patent
active
056445067
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a picture signal encoding method and a picture signal encoding apparatus, a picture signal decoding method and a picture signal decoding apparatus, and picture signal recording media suitable in the case of recording moving picture signals onto recording media, e.g., magneto-optical disc or magnetic tape, etc. to reproduce the recorded signals to display them on display, etc., or transmitting moving picture signals from the transmitting side to the receiving side through transmission path, etc. to receive the transmitted signals on the receiving side to display them as in television conference system, television telephone system or broadcasting equipment, etc.
BACKGROUND ART
In systems for transmitting moving picture signals to remote place, such as, for example, television conference system or television telephone system, etc., in order to efficiently utilize transmission path, picture signals are caused to be compression-coded by making use of line correlation or interframe correlation of video signal. As such compression encoding system, there are so called MPEG1 system and MPEG2 system (hereinafter encoding system including both systems will be called MPEG system).
When line correlation is utilized, picture signals are caused to undergo, e.g., DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) processing, etc., thus making it possible to compress them.
Moreover, when interframe correlation is utilized, picture signals are caused to be further compressed, thus making it possible to encode them. When it is assumed that frame pictures PC1, PC2, PC3 respectively take place at times t1, t2, t3 as shown in FIG. 1A, for example, difference of picture signal between frame pictures PC1 and PC2 is calculated to generate PC12, and difference between frame pictures PC2 and PC3 is calculated to generate PC23, as shown in FIG. 1B.
Since pictures of frames adjacent in point of time ordinarily have not so great change, when difference therebetween is calculated, its difference signal takes small value. Accordingly, if such difference signal is encoded, code quantity can be compressed.
However, even if only difference signal is transmitted, it is impossible to restore (reconstruct) original picture. In view of this, in MPEG, pictures of respective frames are caused to be any ones of three kinds of I picture, P picture and B picture, thus to compression-encode picture signals.
Namely, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example, picture signals of 17 frames of frames F1 to F17 are caused to be group of pictures, and this group of pictures is used as unit of processing. Picture signal of the leading frame F1 is encoded as I picture, the second frame F2 is processed as B picture, and the third frame F3 is processed as P picture. Further, the fourth frame and frames succeeding (subsequent) thereto which are labeled F4 and F17 are alternately processed as B picture and P picture.
As picture signal of I picture, picture signal of one frame is transmitted as it is. On the contrary, as picture signal of P picture, basically, difference from picture signal of I picture or P picture preceding thereto in point of time is transmitted as shown in FIG. 2(A). Further, as picture signal of B picture, basically, difference from mean value of both frames of frame preceding in point of time and frame succeeding in point of time is obtained as shown in FIG. 2(B) to encode its difference.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show the principle of method of encoding moving picture signal. As shown in the figure, since the first frame F1 is processed as I picture, it is transmitted to transmission path as transmit data F1X as it is (intra-frame coding). On the contrary, since the second frame F2 is processed as B picture, difference from mean value of frame F1 preceding in point of time and frame F3 succeeding in point of time is calculated, and the difference thus calculated is transmitted as transmit data F2X.
When further detailed explanation is given, there exist, in macro blocks, four kinds of processing as B picture as mentioned abo
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Fujinami Yasushi
Okazaki Toru
Tahara Katsumi
Yonemitsu Jun
Ramirez Ellis B.
Sony Corporation
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