Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Optical result – Including reagent preparation
Patent
1998-01-06
2000-01-18
Alexander, Lyle A.
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Optical result
Including reagent preparation
436164, 436172, 422 58, 422 8208, G01N 2164, G01N 3348
Patent
active
060157151
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method of producing a sensitive single-layer system for optical detection of the concentration of an analyte, such as, for example, oxygen. The analyte is capable of being investigated in the liquid or gaseous aggregate condition, or in a dissolved form, by absorption, luminescence or luminescence quenching of an indicator sensitive to the analyte. The indicator is preferably permanently immobilized in the optical beam path.
The invention further relates to a single-layer sensitive system including single-layer sensitive systems produced according to this method.
2. Discussion of Background Information
Systems and methods for determining the O.sub.2 partial pressure or O.sub.2 concentration by dynamic luminescence quenching of ruthenium-.alpha.-diimine complexes using optical waveguides have been described in EP 0 190 829, EP 190 830, EP 0 313 655, EP 0 344 313, DE 33 46 810, DE 37 02 210 and DE 41 08 808.
In this case [Ru(biPY).sub.3 ].sup.2+, [Ru(phen).sub.3 ].sup.2+, or [Ru(4,7Ph.sub.2 phen).sub.3 ].sup.2+ are used as a counter-ion in combination with chloride or perchlorate as a ruthenium complex whose phosphorescence is quenchable by oxygen. These indicator pigments are immobilized in polysiloxane matrix materials permeable to oxygen and therein are applied to glass fibers. Polysiloxanes with differing substituents and additives as well as specific layer sequences or protective membranes are proposed. Further, an arrangement of the indicator matrix system on the glass fibers is named, which can be ground at a specific angle.
In EP 190 829 a plurality of plasticisers are proposed as additives to the matrix material, which in this case is disposed on a fiber ground at an angle of 20.degree. to 30.degree.. As described in EP 190 830, the indicator matrix system can partly represent also the optical periphery of the fiber. In EP 0 313 655=WO 88/00339, without fastening on a specific material, an optically transparent matrix material is proposed, upon which the indicator is adsorbed or in which it is immobilized.
In EP 0 344 313 there is proposed a layer sequence of transparent substrate, indicator and gas-permeable membrane. According to DE 33 46 810, in addition to a plurality of indicators, among which are also found ruthenium compounds, and matrix polymers, among which are also polysiloxanes, special forms of the matrix, such as lamellae, spheres and films, but also solid additives such as silica gel, are proposed. In addition, various methods of introducing the indicator into the matrix are described, such as inward diffusion, mechanical mixing or covalent binding; additional protective layers are also named. The document DE-PS 37 02 210 describes the use of a two-component silicon polymer.
Finally, DE 41 08 808 proposes an indicator-containing silicon membrane convexly spread on a transparent substrate.
There is further described in DE 31 48 830 a device for determining the oxygen concentration in gases, liquids and tissues, in which a single-size layer is present on a transparent carrier with a luminescent surface formed with an adhesive or glue layer, an evaluable signal being intended to be obtained by irradiation with light at a specific wave length. The single-sized layer in this case is formed from a luminescent pigment itself or an inert carrier adsorbing this pigment, such as silica gel, or another water-rejecting plastic.
In GB 1 190 583 a gas sensor is disclosed, in which a luminescent material is taken up into a permeable or porous carrier matrix material, the matrix material preferably being a natural or synthetic polymer or porous glass.
There may be seen from EP 0 417 535 an optical oxygen sensor, in which oxygen indicator molecules are incorporated in a polymer. As an example of such a polymer, polydimethylsiloxane is disclosed, which is intended to be used as a carrier for the oxygen indicators. The polymers used are then dissolved in a solvent which contains the oxygen indicators. The solution is then a
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Wenying Xu et al., "Oxygen Sensors Based on Luminescence Quenching: Interactions of Metal Complexes with the Polymer Supports", Anal. Chem., 66, 1994, pp. 4133-4141.
Bacon et al., "Determination of Oxygen Concentrations by Luminescence Quenching of a Polymer-Immobilized Transition-Metal Complex", Anal. Chem., 59, 1987, pp. 2780-2785.
Hannemann Birgit
Kirschner Uwe
Lau Matthias
Tamachkiarowa Adriana
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