Metal deforming – Process – Tube making or reshaping
Patent
1994-06-16
1996-11-12
Larson, Lowell A.
Metal deforming
Process
Tube making or reshaping
72377, B21K 2100
Patent
active
055728979
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
The invention pertains to the area of mechanical metal-working and deals, in particular, with a method of manufacturing hollow forgings by radial forging of solid blanks.
This method can be used in machine building and metallurgy for manufacturing long hollow intermediate products like electric motor shafts, railroad car axles, lathe tail spindles, torque transmitting spindles; also for manufacturing pipe intermediate products operating under high pressure, for instance, pipes used in assemblies of chemical and oil refining installations; as well drilling pipes, locks, nipples and so on.
PRECEDING LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY
There is known a method of forging long solid blanks with the help of a radial forging machine (see, for instance, an advertisement leaflet of "GFM" company, Austria, "Precision forging machines". Copyright 76-09-08/2). In this method the long initial blank of round or polyhedral cross-section is heated first then set up into the chuck head of a manipulator and after that fed into the interspace of the forging tools being simultaneously rotated. The blank is swaged simultaneously through four contact surfaces from four directions at a maximum deformation rate of more than 10% with the use of four forging tools moving radially toward each other and to the blank's axis. During the intervals between swagings, when the forging tools accomplish their back travel, the blank is rotated around its longitudinal axis and moved in an axial direction with the help of manipulator. When making the next working stroke the forging tools swage other portions of the blank and so on. The above mentioned operational cycle is repeated over and over swaging the blank full length until the required sizes of the final cross-section are formed. To prevent the deconsolidation of metal in the axial zone of the blank the following forging characteristics (deformation rate and shape of forging tools) are chosen: 25.5% when the entrance angle is 15.degree. and 20.5% when the entrance angle is 5.degree.. The considered method of forging gives an opportunity to obtain forgings with high-precision dimensions, dense macrostructure of metal in the axial zone, with the use, to a great extent, of automation and control of deformation modes.
However, by radial forging of initial solid blank a long solid forging is obtained and that means that the above mentioned known method is not used to obtain a hollow forging. Accordingly, the solid forging should be later subjected to machining (deep drilling) to get an axial hole and so on.
In those cases when it is nevertheless necessary to obtain a long hollow product another technological process is employed: an initial long hollow blank is forged with, e.g., a mandrel in the axial blank's space (channel) (see, for instance, an advertisement leaflet of "GFM" company, Austria, "CNC-precision forging machines for mass production of rotation-symmetrical parts by hot forging or cold forging". Copyright 1987- 03-16.
In this case the initial blank is obtained by preliminarily drilling the workpiece or rolling it with the help of a Mannesmann piercing mill or by preliminary piercing with the help of hydraulic presses.
The initial hollow blank (heated or cold) is set up into the chuck head of a manipulator then a mandrel is moved into the axial channel of the blank and the rotated blank together with mandrel are fed into the interspace of the forging tools. Four forging tools moving radially toward each other and to the blank's axis simultaneously swaging the blank through four contact surfaces. During the intervals between swagings when the forging tools accomplish their back travel the blank is rotated around its longitudinal axis and moved lengthwise with the help of the manipulator. When accomplishing the next working stroke the forging tools swage other portions of the blank and so on. The above mentioned operational cycle is repeated over and over swaging the blank lengthwise to the required sizes. The considered method of obtaining hollow forgings by radial forging
REFERENCES:
patent: 3495428 (1970-02-01), Marcovitch
Andritz AG, "Hydraulische Schmiedemaschine Type SMA," Graz-Andritz, Austria. A017101 2000d-84.
GFM, "Precision Forging Machines," Austria, Copyright 76-09-08/2.
GFM, "CNC-Precision Forging Machines," Austria, Copyright 1987-03-16.
Hojas, H., "Long and Continuous Forging Machines--Development and Field of Application," Metals Technology, Dec. 1979, pp. 449-455.
Dzugutov, M. Ya., Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1974, pp. 165-171.
Aleksandrovich Tjurin V.
Andreyevich Lazorkin V.
Ivanovich Kuroles V.
Mikhaylovich Volodin A.
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