Optical: systems and elements – Holographic system or element – Using a hologram as an optical element
Patent
1995-06-06
1996-11-19
Sikes, William L.
Optical: systems and elements
Holographic system or element
Using a hologram as an optical element
359 89, 359 78, G02F 11343, G02F 11337, G02F 1141
Patent
active
055768679
ABSTRACT:
An electro-optical display device comprising a liquid crystal layer achieves switching using an electric field component which is predominantly parallel to the surface of the liquid crystal layer. Low dependence of image contrast on viewing angle is achieved by selection of parameters including orientation angle .beta..sub.o and pretilt angle .alpha..sub.o of the liquid crystal molecules in the layer. For example, good results are achieved when 0.degree.<.beta..sub.o .ltoreq.20.degree. for liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy and 70.degree..ltoreq..beta..sub.o <90.degree. for molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy. Preferably, 0.degree..ltoreq..alpha..sub.o <30.degree..
REFERENCES:
patent: 3674342 (1972-07-01), Castellano et al.
patent: 3736047 (1973-05-01), Gelber et al.
patent: 3807831 (1974-04-01), Soref
patent: 3834794 (1974-09-01), Soref
patent: 3854751 (1974-12-01), Haas et al.
patent: 4039252 (1977-08-01), Mizuno et al.
patent: 4116544 (1978-09-01), Soref
patent: 4345249 (1982-08-01), Togashi
patent: 4844569 (1989-07-01), Wada et al.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 13, No. 242, P-880 (Jun. 7, 1989), 1-44422.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 13, No. 428, P-936 (Sep. 25, 1989), 1-161217.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 13, No. 460, P-946 (Oct. 18, 1989), 1-179912.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 13, No. 219, P-875 (May 23, 1989), 1-33521.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 3, No. 38, E-101 (Mar. 30, 1979) 54-17756.
Norris, "EID '95: International Giants and Local Flair", Information Display, vol. 12, No. 3, Mar. 1996, pp. 24-25 and 26.
Aviram et al., "Surface Reorientation Liquid Crystals Display Device", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 15, No. 6, Nov. 1972, pp. 1812-1813.
Soref, "Field Effect in Nematic Liquid Crystals Obtained with Interdigital Electrodes," in Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 45, No. 12, Dec. 1974, pp. 5466-5468.
Soref, "Interdigital Twisted-Nematic displays," in Proceedings of the IEEE, Dec. 1974:1710-1711.
Fahrenschon et al., "Deformation of a Pretilted Nematic Liquid Crystal Layer in an Electric Field," in Applied Physics, 11:67-74 (1976), pp. 67-74.
Schadt et al., "Electro-Optical Performance of a New, Black-White and Highly Multiplexable Liquid Crystal Display" in Applied Physics Letter 50 (5), 2 Feb. 1987, pp. 236-238.
Scheffer et al. "Investigation of the Electro-Optical Properties of 270.degree. Chiral nematic Layers in the Birefringence Mode" in J. Applied Physics 58 (8), 15 Oct. 1985, pp. 3022-3031.
Schadt et al., "Voltage-Dependent Optical Activity of a Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal" in Applied Physics Letter, vol. 18, No. 4, 15 Feb. 1971, pp. 127-128.
Pohl et al., "Low-Delta-n-Twisted Nematic Cell with Improved Optical Properties" in Applied Physics Letter 38 (7), 1 Apr. 1981, pp. 497-499.
Soref, "Transverse Field Effects in Nematic Liquid Crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 165-166, 15 Feb. 1973.
Cognard, Molecular Liquid Crystals, Supplement pp. 1-77, (1987).
Baur Gunter
Fehrenbach Waltraud
Kiefer Rudolf
Weber nee Staudacher Barbara
Windscheid Friedrich
Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung
Sikes William L.
Trice Ron
LandOfFree
Liquid crystal switching elements having a parallel electric fie does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Liquid crystal switching elements having a parallel electric fie, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Liquid crystal switching elements having a parallel electric fie will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-544991