Power plants – Motive fluid energized by externally applied heat – Process of power production or system operation
Patent
1983-04-07
1985-01-29
Husar, Stephen F.
Power plants
Motive fluid energized by externally applied heat
Process of power production or system operation
60327, F01K 2506
Patent
active
044957742
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to electric generator plants, in which turbogenerators are driven by high pressure vapor. Such generator plants characteristically operate at low efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A basic object of the invention is to provide a process to generate electric current by means of turbogenerators using high pressure vapor, at a higher efficiency.
A further object of the invention is to lead a stream of water to the turbines from water reservoirs at ambient air pressure, and to introduce high pressure vapor in like direction into the water stream, whereby the time for any interaction between the vapor and water is held so short that practically no heat-exchange between the vapor and water takes place.
Contrary therefore to the known methods of operating steam turbine power plants, according to the process of the invention vapor is led not directly into the turbines, but into a water stream which drives water turbines instead of steam turbines.
The energy of the vapor introduced into the water stream is transferred to the water stream and works to continuously increase the pressure and velocity of the water molecules, which immediately thereafter act upon the turbine. This energy transfer occurs practically without energy losses, if during the interaction of vapor and water no appreciable vapor condensation occurs. The reaction time must therefore be so short that heat exchange is substantially avoided. This may be accomplished by an adequately high water stream velocity and a short distance in which the water and vapor may interact. For example, with a water velocity of 400 m/sec and an interaction distance of 5 m the interaction time is only 0.0125 sec, which does not permit any appreciable vapor condensation. Additionally it can be shown that even at a very high impact velocity for the vapor, i.e., at a high relative velocity of the vapor as regards the water stream, such as for example approximately 500 m/sec, there results practically no supersonic impact heating of the water.
These findings allow the application of high pressure vapor in electrical power plants according to the invented process, contrary to the teachings of the prior art in this field.
Preferably high output rotary pumps are used to generate the water stream, and preferably Pelton turbines are driven by the stream of water. The water stream may form a closed circuit. The possibility also exists to use the water coming from the turbines in other ways, such as for example, for distant heating purposes. The high pressure steam may be obtained from waste heat from boilers, or from gas-supercharged steam generators; and the water stream may also derive from water reservoirs at higher altitudes which would obviate the need for a water pump.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 schematically shows one example of an electrical power plant according to the invention.
FIG. 2 schematically shows another embodiment of the invented process.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1, water is taken through an inlet 2 from a water reservoir 1 by means of a high output rotary pump 3, and is led, at a very high velocity, via a short cylindrical conduit 4 into the hydraulic turbine 5 of a turbogenerator, from which the water is recycled to the water reservoir 1, with run-off at 6.
High pressure vapor is drawn from a steam generator 7, let into the conduit 4 by means of a steam conduit 8, which includes a regulating valve 9, and then injected into the water stream in a like direction of flow as that of the water stream. Being expansive, the injected high pressure vapor will, in the presence of a constant magnetic field resistance, accelerate the water's speed of passage through the turbine 5 and thus effect acceleration of rotation of the turbogenerator. The resulting increased power output of the generator will be greater than the power output required to generate the water stream, which means an increase in the overall efficiency of the plant.
For example, the following operating da
REFERENCES:
patent: 891214 (1908-06-01), Graf
patent: 2151949 (1939-03-01), Turner
patent: 4201049 (1980-05-01), Tobber
patent: 4394815 (1983-07-01), Domdey
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