Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Means for mixing treating agent with respiratory gas
Patent
1986-07-15
1988-06-14
Kamm, William E.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Means for mixing treating agent with respiratory gas
A61M 1600
Patent
active
047504846
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns an inhaler for curing colds applying recent discoveries of the professor A. LWOFF, discoveries which have been widely disseminated.
There already exist apparatus for curing colds applying these discoveries, but they require substantial means, particularly compressed air, systems for regulating the temperature and the degree of hydrometry and are therefore high in cost.
On the contrary, the present invention is of an extremely simple conception and therefore priced as a widely available object.
According to the discoveries of the professor A. LWOFF, the patient must breath warm air that is saturated with humidity for three sessions of 30 minutes, the sessions being spaced apart two hours. The temperature of this warm and humid air is situated ideally at 43.degree. C. In effect, this temperature is largely sufficient that the treatment be efficient and it is undergone without inconvenience by the users.
To respond to these needs, a simple inhaler into which initially heated water has been poured is not adequate given that the duration of inhalation is very slight, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the temperature of the respired humid air is too high from the outset which may result in scalding, and too low later on, which is inefficient.
There similarly exist inhalers containing a heating system, but these inhalers are not foreseen for such a use, given that the power furnished is not adapted to this usage and that they thus deliver a humid air the temperature of which is situated outside of the tolerances necessary for the treatment. On the other hand, they do not contain means for saturating the air with humidity.
On the contrary, the present invention is conceived in such a manner that the respired air is saturated in humidity on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the energy with which it is provided may be adjusted by the patient so as to obtain the desired temperature whatever may be his respiratory demand.
It comprises in effect, means intended to produce water vapor in an adjustable quantity by the user as a function of his respiratory demand. This water vapor is injected into a so-called mixing chamber (9) where it is mixed with air provided from the exterior under the breathing effort of the patient. Openings (12) situated in the lower part of this mixing chamber (9) are, in effect provided so as to permit the inlet of ambient air. Another opening (13) situated on the upper part of the said chamber (9) permits the patient to insert his nose therein and thus to breath therefrom the heated air that is saturated with humidity.
The following calculations will show that the air thus respired is saturated with humidity. There will be calculated, on the other hand, the power employed by the apparatus as well as the quantity of water consumed in the course of a session of 30 mn.
It is assumed that the ambient temperature is 20.degree. C., which is generally the case of apartments heated in winter, and the quantity of water contained in the air is negligible in a first case.
At 43.degree. C., the saturation vapor pressure of water is equal to 64.8 mm of mercury or 8.5% by volume.
The weight of a mole of water being 18 g, whereas that of air being 29 g, this gives the following weight percentages:
The specific heat of air being equal to 1 J/gx.degree.C., the quantity of heat necessary for elevating 94.55 g of air from 20.degree. C. to 43.degree. C. is equal to:
The specific heat of water vapor being equal to 1.9 J/gx.degree.C., the quantity of heat furnished by lowering 5.45 g of water from 100.degree. C. to 43.degree. C. is equal to:
This energy is less than that which is necessary for elevating 94.55 g of air from 20.degree. C. to 43.degree. C. The remainder must therefore necessarily come from the condensation of water, which assures the saturation.
Given that the missing energy is equal to: 2175-590=1585 j and that the latent heat of vaporization of water at 43.degree. C. is equal to 2410 J/g, it will be necessary to vaporize 1585/(1.9.times.57+2410)=0.63 g supple
REFERENCES:
patent: 513804 (1894-01-01), Madden
patent: 552656 (1896-01-01), Anderson et al.
patent: 892441 (1908-07-01), Metzler
patent: 2023324 (1935-12-01), Johnson et al.
patent: 3949743 (1976-04-01), Shanbrom
Kamm William E.
Lacyk J. P.
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