Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or... – The polynucleotide alters fat – fatty oil – ester-type wax – or...
Patent
1997-01-24
1999-08-24
Kemmerer, Elizabeth
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...
800287, 800288, 800295, 800298, C12N 514, C12N 1552, A01H 500
Patent
active
059426594
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for producing fatty acids or derivatives of fatty acids (esters or other derivatives) from oleaginous plants. The process of the invention applies in particular to oleoproteaginous plants such as rapeseed, sunflower, soya, kale, etc. The invention may in particular be used to produce biofuels (diesters), lubricants, phytosanitary adjuvants, detergents, etc., by converting the resultant fatty acids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Since 1970 numerous attempts have been made to replace products derived from petroleum (in particular fuels) by products obtained from vegetable matter so as to reduce the dependency on oil-producing countries and increase the markets and sales of agricultural products. The industrial route utilizing oleaginous plants as starting materials starts from the production of free fatty acids constituting the raw materials for the conversion industries and ends up with fuels, lubricants, etc. The lipids accumulated by the oleaginous plants may be converted into fatty acids by hydrolysis: two processes are currently used industrially to effect this conversion.
The first process consists in hydrolyzing the lipids after extraction by contacting the extracted lipids under conditions of heat and pressure with sulphuric acid/methanol or methanolic potassium hydroxide. Another process consists in carrying out the hydrolysis under similar conditions directly on the crushed seed material without prior extraction. Further details of these processes, which are the only ones used industrially to hydrolyze vegetable oils, may be found in the following reference: K. J. Harrington and C. d'Arcy-Evans, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 314-318. The well-known high operating costs, large industrial infrastructure, polluting nature of the effluents, production of glycerol as a by-product without an existing market. These processes are used on account of the lack of simple alternatives.
In addition, experiments have been carried out in the laboratory to effect the hydrolysis of lipids enzymatically by mixing a lipase with the lipids extracted from seeds (G. P. McNeill et al., JAOCS, Vol. 68 No. 1st January 1991, p. 1-5; S. M. Kim and J. S. Rhee, JAOCS Vo. 68 No. 7th July 1991, p. 499-503; C. Gancet, In Heterogeneous Catalysis And Fine Chemicals II 1991, Guisnet Editors, p. 93-104). However, these experiments have remained at the laboratory stage since the technique is incompatible with an industrial exploitation on account of the amounts of enzyme required and the cost of the latter.
It should be emphasized that processes are already known enabling enzymes to be produced from plants (patent WO-A-92/01042 and EP-A-0.449.376). These processes lead to the linexpensive production of enzymes which are then used, after or without having been isolated, in various industrial or food industry conversion processes.
Nevertheless, this teaching is completely unconnected with the problem in question, which concerns the production of fatty acids directly from oleaginous plants.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The present invention aims to provide a new solution to the problem of producing fatty acids from oleaginous plants. The invention seeks to provide a solution whose costs of implementation are considerably less than known processes (industrial chemical processes as well as laboratory enzymatic processes).
An object of the invention is thus to provide a process that can be carried out on an industrial scale under mild temperature and pressure conditions, which is simple to operate and is non-polluting, employs a small-scale infrastructure, and does not produce any harmful by-product.
Another object, associated with the previous one, is to enable the number of fatty acid production installations to be increased so that they can be sited close to the regions of cultivation of the oleaginous plants and thereby achieve savings in transportation of raw materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To this end, the process according to the invention for producing fatt
REFERENCES:
K. J. Harrington et al., "Transesterification in Situ of Sunflower Seed Oil", American Chemical Society, 1985.24, pp. 314-318.
G. P. McNeill et al., "High-Yield Enzymatic Glycerolysis of Fats and Oils", JAOCS, Jan., 1991, vol. 68, No. 1, pp.1-5.
S. M. Kim et al., "Production of Medium-Chain Glycerides by Immobilized Lipase in a Solvent-Free Systems", JAOCS, Jul. 1991., vol. 68, No. 7, pp. 499-503.
R. Arrhizus, "Catalysis with Immobilized Enzymes: Hydrolysis and Esterification", M. Guisnet et al. (Editors), Heterogeneous Catalysis and Fine Chemicals II, 1991, Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 92-105.
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O. L. Gamborg et al., "Nutrient Requirements of Suspension Cultures of Soybean Root Cells", Experimental Cell Research, 50, 1868, by Academic Press Inc., pp. 151-158.
J. Pen et al., "Production of Active Bacillus Licheniformis Alpha-Amylase in Tobacco and its Application in Starch Liquefaction", BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 10, No. 3, Mar. 1992, New York , pp. 292-296.
J. Pen et al., "Production of Active Alpha-Amylase in Plants and the Application in Starch Liquefaction", Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Supplement, vol. 16F, 1992, p. 227.
Jervis et al., Journal of Biotechnology 11:161-198, 1989.
Alibert Gilbert
Boudet Alain
Mouloungui Zephirin
Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (I.N.P.T.)
Kemmerer Elizabeth
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