Graphite-based photovoltaic cells

Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric – Photoelectric – Cells

Reexamination Certificate

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C136S243000, C136S246000, C136S259000, C136S261000

Reexamination Certificate

active

07858876

ABSTRACT:
The present invention uses lithographically patterned graphite stacks as the basic building elements of an efficient and economical photovoltaic cell. The basic design of the graphite-based photovoltaic cells includes a plurality of spatially separated graphite stacks, each comprising a plurality of vertically stacked, semiconducting graphene sheets (carbon nanoribbons) bridging electrically conductive contacts.

REFERENCES:
patent: 2003/0185741 (2003-10-01), Matyjaszewski
patent: 2005/0166292 (2005-07-01), Lee
patent: 2006/0196537 (2006-09-01), Narkis et al.
patent: 2006/0272701 (2006-12-01), Ajayan et al.
patent: 02/081372 (2002-10-01), None
patent: 2008/132445 (2008-11-01), None
Zhiping Xu, “Elementary building blocks of graphene-nanoribbon-based electronic devices”, Applied Physics Letters/ vol. 90/ Issue 22/ Nanoscale Science and Design, 2007.
Berger, Claire, “Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene”, Science 312, 1191, May 26, 2006.
Yarris, Lynn, “Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons: A new Path to Spintronics”, Science@Berley Lab, Jan. 2007.
Geim,A.K., “The Rise of Graphene”, Mar. 2007.
Obradovic, Boma, et al. “Carbon Nanoribbons: An Alternative to Carbon Nanotubes”, Simulation of Semiconductor Process and Devices, 2006 International Conference, on Sep. 1, 2006.
Barone, Veronica, et al. “Electronic Structure and Stability of Semiconducting Graphene Nanoribbons” Nano Letters, vol. 6, No. 12; Nov. 24, 2006.
Lee, Ji, “Photovoltaic Effect on Ideal Carbon Nanotube Diodes” Applied Physics Letters, AIP, American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, vol. 87, No. 7; Aug. 8, 2005.
PCT “International Search Report and Written Opinion of the Searching Authority” mailed Feb. 18, 2009.
“Efficient, Inexpensive Solar Cell Based on Lithographically Defined Graphite Nanoribbons,” http://www.business.utah.edu/display.php?&pagelD=1310, printed Feb. 7, 2007 (clearer version printed Mar. 16, 2007, also provided).
Obradovic et al., Analysis of graphene nanoribbons as a channel material for field-effect transistors, Applied Physics Letters, Apr. 3, 2006, pp. 142102-1-142102-3, 88-142102, American Institute of Physics, U.S.A.

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