Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Making an insoluble substance or accreting suspended...
Patent
1997-03-31
1998-08-11
Hruskoci, Peter A.
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Making an insoluble substance or accreting suspended...
210716, 210724, 210778, 252175, C02F 152
Patent
active
057923655
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns a process to purify polar liquid wastes containing colloidal dispersions of solvated particles, and a flocculating composition used in said process. The liquid resulting from said process is totally purified from said solvated particles and can thus be reintroduced in the environment or recycled into an industrial process without undergoing further treatments.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known that the main problem connected to the use of water for agricultural, civil and industrial purposes, lies in the huge consumption of water which, after having been used, cannot be re-employed due to the impurities contained therein, or otherwise creates several pollution problems when disposed of in the environment.
The present international and European Union guidelines on water consumption provide for drastic reductions in the water resources for agricultural, civil and industrial uses, imposing the partial or total recycling of the waste waters resulting from the primary working cycles in which the water is used.
Liquid colloidal dispersions are characterized by dispersions of solids, liquids or gases into a homogeneous liquid. Two stability factors enable the particles of the different substances to remain in suspension and separate so as to form a liquid colloidal dispersion: electric charge or salvation.
Electric charge causes the repulsion of the particles and is determined by the absorption of ions onto their surface.
Solvation is determined by the tendency of many substances to cause the molecules of the polar liquid in which they are suspended to strongly adhere thereon, forming a coating which prevents them from joining and thickening.
The treatment of liquid colloidal dispersions characterized by electrically charged particles involves no particular difficulties, in that the addition of electrolytes reduces the dispersion, causing the flocculation of the dispersed impurities.
The problem created by solvated particles is instead more difficult to solve, since salvation confers to the colloids a far higher stability than electric charge. Solvated particles are practically insensitive to the action of electrolytes and, furthermore, polar liquids allow stable suspensions to be formed also with relatively large particles (emulsions and/or suspensions of bentonites clays kaolin and the like).
There is hence an unsatisfied demand for a simple and economic process apt to efficiently separate solvated impurities from polar liquid wastes containing colloidal dispersions thereof, so as to allow the resulting clear liquid to be discharged into its natural environment with no pollution problems. Since many primary working processes make use of large quantities of fresh water, a process of this type would provide the considerable advantage of drastically reducing fresh water consumption; in fact, once the dispersed impurities have been removed, it would often be possible to recycle the water initially used in the primary process. Preferably, such impurities should be separated into a non-liquid form so as to be easily eliminated.
Such a process will obviously be the more advantageous, the higher the possibilities of its universal use, independently from the nature of the solvated impurities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The Applicant has thus been involved in deep studies in order to seek a purification process allowing to obtain clear liquids from polar liquid wastes containing colloidal dispersions of solvated particles, to be carried out on the widest range of liquid wastes containing this type of colloidal dispersions, and to provide the highest reliability with the most disparate solvated substances. A further problem having to be faced in said process is to use therein only additives which are not apt to increase the salt and/or impurity contents in the waste waters being purified; moreover, such additives should preferably be food grade ones, as many waste waters result from food industries whereby, to recycle the purified waste waters in the primary
REFERENCES:
patent: 2281759 (1942-05-01), Gelder
patent: 2362022 (1944-11-01), Olin
patent: 3128249 (1964-04-01), Pye et al.
patent: 3130167 (1964-04-01), Green
patent: 3511778 (1970-05-01), Libor et al.
Hruskoci Peter A.
Italtraco S.r.l.
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