Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; – Proteins – i.e. – more than 100 amino acid residues – Scleroproteins – e.g. – fibroin – elastin – silk – etc.
Patent
1994-01-04
1995-05-30
Wityshyn, Michael G.
Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins;
Proteins, i.e., more than 100 amino acid residues
Scleroproteins, e.g., fibroin, elastin, silk, etc.
530857, 602 42, 602 43, 602 48, 602 50, 106124, 106125, 424443, 424444, 424445, C07K 1478, C07K 114, A61K 3839, A61K 700
Patent
active
054202485
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates essentially to the use of unpigmented fish skin, particularly from fiat fish, as novel industrial source of collagen, to a method for extracting the collagen, as well as to the collagen and biomaterial thereby obtained.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Collagen, as a protein for strengthening the connective tissues of human beings, finds ever expanding applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields.
The main properties are as follows:
Owing to its remarkable qualities, said protein has contributed to the production of numerous biomaterials for which the market is continuously expanding.
Among the many collagen-based preparations, the main ones seem to be as follows: bioavailability,
When reading the foregoing list, which is in no way exhaustive, it is easy to realize that collagen is bound to become a substance of great industrial importance.
Collagen materials will be developed all that quicker as their cost price reduces.
This is the reason why the inventors have tried to use new sources of collagen with a view to implementing the industrial methods, improving yields, hence reducing the costs of preparation of the protein.
At present, the tissue mainly used for obtaining collagen is calf skin.
But two difficulties are met when using this base material.
Firstly, the skin is not, in general, removed in perfectly hygienic conditions, which implies having to use the skin as soon as possible after the animal is slaughtered.
Secondly, the skin must undergo an important treatment for removing the hairs and subcutaneous tissues. Such treatment is carried out in tanning installations implying the construction of a workshop independent from the site where the collagen is transformed into biomaterials. This type of infrastructure requires relatively high investments which will reflect on the cost of the obtained collagen.
Moreover, although calf skin is a tissue from a very young animal, it furnishes relatively small quantities of acid-soluble collagen, about 12 g of dry protein for 1 kg of fresh skin.
In order to avoid as much as possible having to treat the skin, and to improve extraction yields, the inventors have had the idea of using unpigmented fish skin.
The inventors have indeed found that pigmented fish skin is not suitable because the pigment is very difficult to eliminate during the collagen preparation process. The protein obtained in this case leads to the production of impure pigmented biomaterials.
The inventors have therefore turned their attention to fish whose skin is unpigmented and available in large quantities. The species falling in that catagory are flat fish, particularly those fished on an industrial basis such as sole, dab, turbot, brill, which are subjected to a filleting or cutting operation. The ventral skin of these fish is unpigmented, it is available, scaled, in large quantities.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to the use of unpigmented fish skin as novel industrial source of collagen. Preferably, said unpigmented skin is from a flat fish, particularly a ventral skin. Advantageously, said unpigmented skin is obtained after the filleting or cutting of the fresh fish and frozen immediately after filling/cutting, thus guaranteeing a very good quality of the base material, both from the bacteriological standpoint and from the standpoint of the native property of the protein.
Moreover, an unexpected advantage resides in the fact that the skin such as recovered and frozen can be used fight away for collagen extraction without any prior tanning treatments. It has also been found that the quantity of collagen extracted from said base material is about three times greater than that obtained from calf skin.
Consequently, the use of this novel source of collagen will lead to obtaining a protein of reduced cost with reproducibly preserved native properties.
In a second aspect, the present invention further relates to a method for extracting native collagen, characterized in that it uses unpigmented fish s
REFERENCES:
patent: 4511653 (1985-04-01), Play et al.
patent: 4621631 (1986-11-01), Paques et al.
patent: 5093474 (1992-03-01), Grossman et al.
patent: 5106949 (1992-04-01), Kemp et al.
patent: 5162506 (1992-11-01), Hadden
The Aquarium Encyclopedia by Gunther Sterba, p. 453 Pleuronectiformes.
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 107, No. 17, Oct. 26, 1987, Abstract No. 150796f, p. 382 (abstract of JP-A-62083849).
S. C. Gantayat et al., "Collagen Content of Skin of Fresh Water Teleost," Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 18, No. 7, Jul. 1, 1980, pp. 733-735.
Allard Roland
Devictor Pierre
Huc Alain
Perrier Eric
Coletica
Degen Nancy J.
Wityshyn Michael G.
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