Use of high surface area mixed metal oxides of manganese and cal

Details Use of high surface area mixed metal oxides of manganese and cal Use of high surface area mixed metal oxides of manganese and cal

1977-08-15

1978-07-18

Mack, John H.

Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and

Having magnetic field feature

429224, H01M 486, H01M 450

Patent

active

041017161

ABSTRACT:
Mixed metal oxides of the formula CaMn.sub.3 O.sub.6, CaMn.sub.4 O.sub.8 and CaMn.sub.7 O.sub.12 are disclosed. They are useful in electrochemical processes. CaMn.sub.3 O.sub.6 is a mixed valence composition whose formula may be written as Ca[Mn.sub.2.sup.3+ Mn.sup.4+ ]O.sub.6. The compound is stable in H.sub.2 to about 400.degree. C. and in oxygen to approximately 925.degree. C. CaMn.sub.4 O.sub.8 is also a mixed valence composition whose formula may be written Ca[Mn.sub.2.sup.3+ Mn.sub.2.sup.4+ ]O.sub.8. This compound is stable in H.sub.2 to about 250.degree. C. and in O.sub.2 to about 900.degree. C. CaMn.sub.7 O.sub.12 is a mixed valence composition whose formula may be written as Ca[Mn.sup.4+ Mn.sub.6.sup.3+ ]O.sub.12. The compound is stable in H.sub.2 to about 500.degree. C. and in oxygen to approximately 950.degree. C.
These materials may be prepared by a variety of standard ceramic techniques, among them being heating in oxygen a mixture of calcium oxide and manganese oxide or mixed calcium and manganese salts or calcium salt and manganese oxide, or calcium oxide and manganese salt.
Alternatively, solid solutions of mixed calcium and manganese carbonates may be decomposed to the compositions. The mixed calcium-manganese carbonate solid solutions are prepared by the precipitation from salt solution of the calcium and manganese by the addition of an excess of an appropriate carbonate ion source such as (NH.sub.4).sub.2 CO.sub.3. The metal ion ratio in this salt solution is adjusted so that the resulting precipitate has the same stoichiometry as the desired oxide. The precipitate is calcined to yield the mixed metal oxide product described.
The compounds described have utility as primary battery cathodes and also find use as oxygen activating catalysts in applications such as partial oxidation; methanol decomposition and oxygen reduction at a fuel cell cathode.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4049790 (1977-09-01), Horowitz

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