Polyamides

Details Polyamides Polyamides

2002-12-26

2004-08-10

Hightower, P. Hampton (Department: 1711)

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

From carboxylic acid or derivative thereof

C528S170000, C528S312000, C528S322000, C528S323000, C528S332000, C528S335000, C528S336000, C528S337000, C528S338000, C528S339000, C528S340000, C525S327400, C525S327500, C525S327600, C525S375000, C525S379000, C525S420000, C525S422000, C524S099000, C524S103000, C524S538000, C524S600000, C524S602000, C524S606000, C524S607000, C524S608000, C428S357000, C428S364000, C428S394000, C428S395000, C442S049000, C442S181000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06774205

ABSTRACT:

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyamides (VIII) obtainable from monomers (I) selected from the group consisting of lactams, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acids, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acid nitrites, &ohgr;-aminocarboxamides, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acid salts, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acid esters, equimolar mixtures of diamines and dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid/diamine salts, dinitriles and diamines, or mixtures of such monomers, wherein the polymerization of the monomers (I) is carried out in the presence of
(II) 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of a sterically hindered piperidine derivative which has a functional group capable of amide formation with respect to the polymer main chain of the polyamide (VIII),
(III) 0.1 to 5% by weight of a sulfonated compound which has several carboxylic acid groups capable of amide formation with respect to the polymer main chain of the polyamide (VIII),
and optionally a compound selected from the group consisting of
a compound (IV), different from the monomer (I), which has several amine groups capable of amide formation with respect to the polyamide (VIII),
a compound (V) which has an amine group capable of amide formation with respect to the polyamide (VIII),
a compound (VI) which has a carboxylic acid group capable of amide formation with respect to the polyamide (VIII),
a compound (VII), different from (III) and from the monomer (I), which has several carboxylic acid groups capable of amide formation with respect to the polyamide (VIII),
or mixtures thereof,
the amounts of (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI) and (VII) adding up to 100%, the components (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI) and (VII) being bonded to the polymer chain via amide linkages, and the sum of the amine groups of the components (II), (IV) and (V) capable of amide formation with respect to the polymer chain being less than the sum of the carboxylic acid groups of the components (II), (III), (VI) and (VII) capable of amide formation with respect to the polymer chain.
The invention further relates to polyamides obtainable by this process, to the use of such polyamides for the production of fibers, textile fabrics and moldings, and to fibers, textile fabrics and moldings obtainable from such polyamides.
TECHNICAL FIELD, BACKGROUND ART
The use of polyamides for the production of fibers and yarns is generally known, for example from: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed., vol. A10, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, Germany, 1987, pages 567-579.
Yarns are produced in a manner known per se by melting the polyamide, spinning it into a fiber and stretching, texturing and optionally aftertreating said fiber. This can be followed by cabling and heat setting of the yarn.
Setting processes are known per se, an example being the heat-set process from Hörauf-Suessen, Germany.
An essential step of setting is the passage of the yarn through a climatic chamber under defined process conditions such as the residence time of the yarn and the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere in the climatic chamber.
The disadvantage here is that the quality, for example the APHA (Hazen) index according to European standard EN 1557 (corresponding to US standard ASTM D1003) and the relative viscosity of yarns from polyamides known per se, is markedly impaired during this setting. The drop in relative viscosity and the rise in APHA index indicate that the polymer has been degraded, i.e. damaged.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide polyamides which can be used to produce fibers, sheets or moldings, especially yarns, which do not exhibit said disadvantage, as well as processes which enable such polyamides to be prepared in a technically simple and economic manner.
We have found that this object is achieved by the process defined at the outset, polyamides obtainable by such a process, the polyamides defined at the outset, the use of such polyamides for the production of fibers, textile fabrics and moldings, and fibers, textile fabrics and moldings obtainable from such polyamides.
Polyamides are understood as meaning homopolymers, copolymers, mixtures and grafts of synthetic long-chain polyamides in which the essential constituent is recurring amide groups in the polymer main chain. Examples of such polyamides are nylon 6 (polycaprolactam), nylon 6,6 (polyhexamethylene adipamide), nylon 4,6 (polytetramethylene adipamide), nylon 6,10 (polyhexamethylene sebacamide), nylon 6,12 (polyhexamethylene decane-1,10-dicarboxamide), nylon 7 (polyenantholactam), nylon 11 (polyundecanolactam) and nylon 12 (polydodecanolactam). These polyamides are known to have the generic name nylon. Polyamides are also understood as meaning the so-called aramides (aromatic polyamides) such as polymetaphenylene isophthalamide (NOMEX® fiber, U.S. Pat. No. 3,287,324) or polyparaphenylene terephthalamide (KEVLAR® fiber, U.S. Pat. No. 3,671,542).
In principle, polyamides can be prepared by two processes.
In the polymerization of dicarboxylic acids and diamines, and in the polymerization of amino acids or derivatives thereof such as aminocarboxylic acid nitriles, aminocarboxamides, aminocarboxylic acid esters or aminocarboxylic acid salts, the amino and carboxyl end groups of the starting monomers or starting oligomers react with one another to form an amide group and water. The water can then be removed from the polymer mass. In the polymerization of carboxamides, the amino and amide end groups of the starting monomers or starting oligomers react with one another to form an amide group and ammonia. The ammonia can then be removed from the polymer mass. This polymerization reaction is conventionally referred to as polycondensation.
The polymerization of lactams as starting monomers or starting oligomers is conventionally referred to as polyaddition.
MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
According to the invention, monomers (I), selected from the group consisting of lactams, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acids, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acid nitriles, &ohgr;-aminocarboxamides, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acid salts, &ohgr;-aminocarboxylic acid esters, equimolar mixtures of diamines and dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid/diamine salts, dinitriles and diamines, or mixtures of such monomers, are used.
Suitable monomers (I) are
monomers or oligomers of a C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
2
to C
18
, arylaliphatic or, preferably, aliphatic lactam such as enantholactam, undecanolactam, dodecanolactam or caprolactam,
monomers or oligomers of C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
3
to C
18
, aminocarboxylic acids such as 6-aminohexanoic acid or 11-aminoundecanoic acid, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers or hexamers thereof, and salts thereof such as alkali metal salts, for example lithium, sodium or potassium salts,
C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
3
to C
18
, aminocarboxylic acid nitriles such as 6-aminocapronitrile or 11-aminoundecanoic acid nitrile,
monomers or oligomers of C
2
to C
20
amino acid amides such as 6-aminohexanamide or 11-aminoundecanamide, and dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers or hexamers thereof,
esters, preferably C
1
-C
4
alkyl esters, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl or s-butyl esters, of C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
3
to C
18
, aminocarboxylic acids, such as 6-aminohexanoic acid esters, for example methyl 6-aminohexanoate, or 11-aminoundecanoic acid esters, for example methyl 11-aminoundecanoate,
monomers or oligomers of a C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
2
to C
12
, alkyldiamine, such as tetramethylenediamine or, preferably, hexamethylenediamine,
with a C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
2
to C
14
, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or mono- or dinitriles thereof, such as sebacic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid dinitrile, decanoic acid dinitrile or adipodinitrile,
and dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers or hexamers thereof,
monomers or oligomers of a C
2
to C
20
, preferably C
2
to C
12
, alkyldiamine, such as tetramethylenediamine or, preferably, hexamethylenediamine,
with a C
8
to C
20
, preferably C
8
to C

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