Cryptography – Particular algorithmic function encoding
Reexamination Certificate
1999-01-29
2003-02-11
Barron, Gilberto (Department: 2132)
Cryptography
Particular algorithmic function encoding
C380S219000, C380S220000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06519340
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to encryption. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel method and apparatus of encryption using binarization and phase information of encrypted data in terms of display or transmission of encrypted data.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Image data security has recently become an important issue. An image is generally a two-dimensional data. In accordance with which, a one-dimensional signal or two-dimensional image may need encryption in many applications for security reasons. Also, encryption of memory, which may comprise one or more images, can be considered. Furthermore, optical security and encryption methods using random phase encoding have been proposed recently, see generally “Optical pattern recognition for validation and security verification”, by B. Javidi and J. L. Homer, Opt. Eng. 33, 1752-1756 (1994). Also see, “Experimental demonstration of the random phase encoding technique for image encryption and security verification”, by B. Javidi, G. Zhang and J. Li, Optical Engineering, 35, 2506-2512, 1996; “Fault tolerance properties of a double phase encoding encryption technique”, by B. Javidi, A. Sergent, G. Zhang, and L. Guibert, Optical Engineering, 36(4), 992-998, 1997; “Practical image encryption scheme by real-valued data”, by Yang, H.-G., and E.-S. Kim, Optical Engineering, 35(9), 2473-2478, 1996; “Random phase encoding for optical security, by Wang, R. K., I. A. Watson, and C. Chatwin”, Optical Engineering, 35(9), 2464-2469, 1996; “Optical implementation of image encryption using random phase encoding”, by Neto, L. G. Y. Sheng, Optical Engineering, 35(9), 2459-2463, 1996; and “Optical image encryption using input and Fourier plane random phase encoding” by Ph. Refregier and B. Javidi, Optics Letters, Vol. 20, 767-770, 1995.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above-discussed and other drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art are overcome or alleviated by the method and apparatus of encrypting optical images using binarization and phase information. An image to be encrypted is first multiplied by a key, e.g., a random phase function. The Fourier transform of the product of the image and the random phase function is then multiplied by another key, e.g., another random phase function in the Fourier domain. Taking the inverse Fourier transform, an encrypted image in the output plane is obtained. In accordance with the present invention, this encrypted image is then binarized, which may include binarizing the phase-only part of the encrypted image. The use of binarization enables ease of implementation and data compression while still providing recovery of images having good quality. In addition, the phase of the encrypted image only can be use for description, which makes it easier to display the encryption using techniques such as embossing.
The above-discussed and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and drawings.
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Three-dimensional object recognition by use of digital holography—Optics Letters, vol. 25, No. 9, May 1, 2000, Bahram Javid and Enrique Tajahuerce, pp. 610-612.
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Barron Gilberto
Cantor & Colburn LLP
Meislahn Douglas J
The University of Connecticut
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