Laminated material and process for producing the same

Details Laminated material and process for producing the same Laminated material and process for producing the same

1997-08-04

1999-08-17

Lusignan, Michael

Stock material or miscellaneous articles

All metal or with adjacent metals

Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal...

428645, 428646, 428647, 428648, 428681, 428937, 427405, 427421, 427455, 427456, 205241, 205252, B32B 1500, B05D 136, B05D 102

Patent

active

059392150

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
invention relates to a multilayer material, especially for sliding elements in lubricated tribological systems, comprising a metallic backing layer, especially of steel, and a functional layer, especially of AlSn, AlPb, CuPb, CuSn or Cuzn. The invention also relates to a process for producing such multilayer materials.
2. Description of Related Art
Multilayer materials suitable for making into plain bearing elements, for example, and produced by vacuum plasma spraying are known from DE-OS 37 21 008. Such layers are distinguished, inter alia, by a high degree of adhesion to the base material and very low pore contents. By carrying out the process under reactive conditions, i.e. by maintaining a previously established oxygen partial pressure in the plasma, the oxide content, i.e. the content of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 particles, may be adjusted during vacuum plasma spraying. The total amount of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 particles could accordingly be limited to ca. 1 vol. % of the functional layer. The disadvantages of this process lie, however, in the considerable complexity of the process, which makes the production of mass produced parts cost-intensive.
If the plain bearing layers are produced by air plasma spraying, as described in EP 0 364 547, the resultant layers have a high oxide content caused by the process. Although these oxides have a positive affect on the wear behaviour of the layers owing to their considerable hardness, they reduce their conformability to the counter-member and also impair running-in behaviour. Moreover, these layers exhibit an increased susceptibility to corrosion and erosion in a lubricated system. Thus, for example, the penetration of oil under elevated pressure into the pores always present in air plasma-sprayed layers may result in erosive damage to the layer through the dissolving away of whole layer parts, wherein especially in thin layers even the backing material may under some circumstances be corrosively damaged. In particular, the pores arranged close to the surface are often the starting point for these cavitative or erosive affects. If these pores are connected together, corrosive attacks in these pore areas may also lead to defects in the layers and failure of the component.
In order to improve the corrosion-resistance of sprayed layers, it has been proposed in DE-OS 40 07 734 to effect an additional sealing process at 870-1200.degree. C. after spraying-on of the layer. In this way, in addition to the corrosion resistance, wear resistance is also markedly increased. However, this process has to be ruled out owing to the large amount of heat which enters the base material, especially in the case of thin-walled components.
In contrast, the problem forming the basis of the invention is that of providing a multilayer material and a process for the production thereof wherein the above-mentioned multilayer material is markedly improved from the point of view of corrosion resistance, running-in behaviour and conformability.
The multilayer material according to the invention comprises a softer covering layer applied to the functional layer by chemical or electrolytic deposition.
The sprayed-on functional layer is sealed by this softer covering layer, whereby a laminar system arises which, as a result of the soft covering layer, is distinguished by good running-in behaviour and conformability. After completion of the running-in phase, the good wear properties of the sprayed-on functional layer come to bear, these being provided by the hard oxide components of this layer.
The improvement from the point of view of the running behaviour of sliding elements made of such a multilayer material consists in the fact that the machined sprayed layer is full of pores in the area close to the surface and these pores are covered and even partially filled with soft bearing materials when the softer covering layer is applied, especially by electroplating. During the running-in phase the soft electrodeposited layer, e.g. of white metal, is then lar

REFERENCES:
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patent: 5087529 (1992-02-01), Engel et al.
patent: 5116692 (1992-05-01), Mori et al.
patent: 5185216 (1993-02-01), Tanaka et al.
patent: 5545489 (1996-08-01), Tanaka et al.
Ushijima et al., "Treatment of Surface of Concrete", Patent Abstracts of Japan, Oct. 25, 1991.

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