Toilet – Methods – Hair treatment by application of specific chemical composition
Reexamination Certificate
2001-03-20
2003-03-04
Manahan, Todd E. (Department: 3732)
Toilet
Methods
Hair treatment by application of specific chemical composition
C132S226000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06526988
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART STATEMENT
The present invention relates to a method for treating a hair shape and an apparatus for treating it; said method being capable of treating hair for giving a shape thereto smoothly after softening treatment of hair with applying or spraying a softening agent, and its shape giving effect reaching to every portion thereof, thereby a given shape lasting for a long term, in comparison with a conventional method.
Human hair is generally composed of a protein called keratin similarly as skin and a nail. It is said that if keratin of hair is analyzed further in detail, an individual hair is composed of a medulla (a core/the marrow) composing the center of the hair; cortex a (cortex (portion in which spindle-shaped or cigar shaped cortex cells in which small keratin fibers are staffed up densely are vertically stuffed up densely)) composing circumference of the medulla; a matrix (gap-filling substance), which is superior in water absorptivity and moisture-holding ability, and which mutually bonds the cortex; and a cuticle composing circumference of a hair (a hair cuticle).
Therefore, essentially, it is preferable to keep it in mind to sufficiently supply high quality protein composing keratin in an everyday meal by taking, for example, meat and beans affluently to hold hair healthy forever. However, since hair is exposed outside, hair is easily damaged by being subjected to a sunbeam, adhesion of various kinds of materials floating in the atmosphere, and the like. Therefore, only the supply of previously described high quality protein is not sufficient for maintaining ideal health of hair, and it is the fact that a person does health care of a hair by giving oneself a shampoo, treatment or the like in order to remove the previously described damage from outside.
In addition, man is not satisfied with merely health care of a natural hair and satisfy his own sense of beauty by changing his hair-style variously, i.e., putting an artificial measure such as a permanent straight, a permanent wave or treatment on natural hair.
In conventional treatment (permanent treatment) technology to give a desired shape to hairs such as a permanent straight or a permanent wave, a softening treatment is conducted by applying or spraying a first liquid (a softening agent, a reducing agent, or cold liquid) to the whole hair which was washed cleanly, and then the whole hair is split into in a plural number, heat-treatment and combing are given on the split hair, or a cream-like material is applied, or the split hair is wrapped around hair rods in the event of a permanent wave, and then a hardening treatment is given by applying or spraying the second liquid (a hardening agent, an oxidizer or cold liquid), and in the case that hair rods are wrapped around with hair, they are detached after predetermined time, and finally a rinse treatment with warm water or the like is given.
In case of the conventional treatment technology of hair shape such as, for example, a permanent treatment, a treatment, or the like, there has been employed only so-called chemical treatment in which the hardness of hair is varied by sufficiently spraying cold liquid (a first liquid and a second liquid) on a matrix and a cuticle portion of hair, and in the treatment, heat-treatment and combing are given, or a cream-like material is applied to hair, or shape treatment of attaching and detaching hair rods to and from the split hair. Because of this, a shape maintenance effect of a hair of a straight permanent, wave permanent or treatment is very short-lived.
It is thought that there is a cause in that a sufficient softening treatment and hardening treatment of hair cannot be conducted because it is necessary to apply or spray cold liquid in a constant short time because cold liquid gives remarkable damage to hair in a healthy state, and therefore it is impossible to make cold liquid fully spread out to a matrix and cuticle. In addition, it is generally believed to be one of the causes of the state that shape maintenance of hair is short-lived that a shape maintenance effect of hair after a permanent treatment is lost gradually because hair has a nature of returning in a natural state.
Thus, for example, a trial to variously adjust pH or the like of cold liquid depending on nature of hair of an individual person to be subjected to a permanent treatment is made in order to be able to hold a shape-maintenance effect of hair by the aforementioned cold liquid for a long time. However, it is the fact that a sufficient shape-maintenance effect cannot be obtained still now.
By the way, a number of polypeptide chains (the main chains) composing keratin, which is the chief ingredient of hair, are lined up in a vertical direction of a hair, and adjacent main chains make mesh structure by being connected with each other by means of side chains of cystine linkage, salt linkage, hydrogen linkage, and the like, and that by means of these linkages, hair is full of elasticity, and hair has a power of restitution to return in a former form immediately after a hand is released from the hair even if it is bent.
It is thought that to weaken power of restitution by cutting side chains of the cystine linkage, salt linkage, hydrogen linkage and the like, which give this power of restitution to hair is a function of the first permanent liquid, and to restitute linkage of a side chain at a new position where the hair is bent is a function of the second liquid, and a durable wave or the like is formed by means of this serial reaction. Of course, a principle of changing curly hair to extend twisted hair into straight and a principle of making a wave hair into straight hair are the same.
Previously described cystine linkage is also called S—S linkage, and it is thought that atoms of sulfur are mutually connected in form of —S—S—, and as a result hardness and elasticity similar to a nail are given to keratin, which is protein of hair. In a permanent treatment, it is the primarily important treatment to cut this cystine linkage, which is strong side chain linkage, and this cystine linkage is cut with the first liquid. And next, re-linkage of sulfur atoms by the second liquid is waited for, and a maintenance state of treated hair shape is prolonged.
By the way, thioglycolic acid, cysteine or acetylcysteine is usually used in the first liquid as a reducing agent. A point of sameness in component structure of these three kinds of reducing agents is to include a portion where a hydrogen atom links with a sulfur atom directly. A chemical reaction cutting of cystine linkage by the first liquid is shown in the following scheme.
Cystine linkage in hair reacts with thioglycolic acid and is cut, and each sulfur atom couples with a hydrogen atom, and S-H linkage is formed. On the other hand, two molecules of thioglycolic acid couple with each other after the reaction to turn into dithioglycolic acid (DTDG). Incidentally, likewise in the case of cysteine wave agent, cysteine changes into cystine, and acetylcysteine changes into acetylcystine. They flow outside the hair by being washed out in water at the end of the permanent treatment.
When the reaction by the first liquid was finished, a mesh structure of the hair collapses, and keratin gelates. The hair loses elasticity in this way to be softened. The cystine linkage cut in this way is subsequently coupled again by being subjected to an operation by an oxidizer contained by a second liquid, and cystine linkage is re-constructed in keratin as shown in following scheme.
Incidentally, as the chief ingredient of the second liquid, three kinds of sodium bromate (NaBrO
3
), potassium bromate (KBrO
3
) and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) are employed generally, and, for example, in a case that NaBrO
3
is used, NaBrO
3
is decomposed into water and sodium bromide (NaBr) after the reaction as shown in the above-mentioned scheme. If attention is paid to cystine linkage, such an operation to hair by permanent liquid can be summarized into the words: “cystine linkage of keratin is cut
Armstrong Westerman & Hattori, LLP
Kikuboshi Corporation
Manahan Todd #E.
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