Machine element or mechanism – Gearing – Interchangeably locked
Patent
1996-11-12
1998-10-13
Marmor, Charles A.
Machine element or mechanism
Gearing
Interchangeably locked
74333, F16H 3093
Patent
active
058195874
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the building machines used at present, gears are used which can essentially be divided into two groups. Characteristic of one group is that on the powershift gear is a front mounted hydrostatic driving unit. In this gear, the speed and torque of the splitter group are adapted by hydraulic or electrohydraulic controls.
The predominant number of gears used belongs to the other group of the powershiftable gear with front-mounted, hydrodynamic torque converters. By means of said driving unit, it is possible to obtain a continuous and automatic torque multiplication with increasing working resistance of the motor vehicle such as a building machine. Here gear input torques can be produced which substantially correspond to the triple value of the engine torque. This is significant, since differently from what is the case in the passenger car, the work is done with the gear or converter. In a loader, for example, the shovel is pushed into absorbing ground. The filling is broken up and lifted. For loading the vehicle is reversed, the shovel is further lifted and unloaded. The torque conversion is a great advantage precisely at low speeds and great speed differences between the input and output.
The converter can be complemented by a converter bridge clutch. By means of said clutch it is possible to obtain a considerable reduction of consumption within the gears in the range of higher speeds.
The power flow in the individual gears is produced by a combination of hydraulically shiftable clutches. Among other things, said clutches must be powershiftable for reversing and, therefore, absorb much energy. The design of the housing or arrangement of the shafts of the gear must be adapted to a specific use. Typical cases of use for a reversing gear are dump carts, loaders, excavator loaders and lift trucks, but also in vehicles that must be operated on the street such as motor cranes. Depending on the type of vehicle, a specific center distance between the input and output shafts of the gear is required. Long center distances are to be maintained, for example, when the angle of inflection of universal shafts must be kept small. In this case, the reversing gear assumes an additional function as a transfer gear.
In lift trucks, the reversing gear has only one output shaft. Due to the spatial conditions a lesser center distance is needed.
In most cases, at least one power take off driven in dependence on the engine speed, for example, for the hydraulic system of the mobile machine is required. Together with the power take off, a lubricant and shift pump is also provided which likewise is driven depending on the engine speed.
Depending on the type of construction of the vehicle, the tasks to be performed by a reversing gear are very varied.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
DE-A 11 29 838 has disclosed a reversing gear which stands out by a small axial length. A fixed pinion is upon an input shaft which is constantly meshed with fixed pinions upon a reversing shaft and a countershaft. All loose pinions are upon one side of the gear and permanently meshed with each other. A respective friction clutch is situated between the loose and fixed pinions. In this known reversing gear, the practical construction of the friction clutches, particularly the arrangement of the sets of plates, the mounting of the loose pinions upon the countershafts and also the indirect support of the countershaft itself on the side of the loose pinions turns out to be relatively expensive.
DE-A 25 35 700 has disclosed a reversing gear in which the friction clutches are designed as double clutches. In this gear, it is possible to obtain a relatively high number of gears, but a large installation space is needed in an axial direction, since up to four gears and one double clutch are to be lodged on one countershaft.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The problem on which this invention is based is to provide a reversing powershiftable gear with a small axial length which allows different variants with fundamentally the same design a
REFERENCES:
patent: 4823639 (1989-04-01), Krause et al.
patent: 5085092 (1992-02-01), Koga
patent: 5249475 (1993-10-01), McAskill
patent: 5388450 (1995-02-01), Hurth
patent: 5471892 (1995-12-01), Sherman
Leber Fritz
Rebholz Wolfgang
Estremsky Sherry Lynn
Marmor Charles A.
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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