Registers – Records – Conductive
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-17
2002-06-04
Lee, Michael G. (Department: 2876)
Registers
Records
Conductive
C235S435000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06398116
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.
The invention is directed to a chip card having at least two coil arrangements for contact-free transmission of data and/or energy as well as, potentially, transmission of data and/or energy with contacts to a write/read device (terminal).
PRIOR ART AND OBJECTIVE
Contact-free chip cards are being increasingly used that exchange energy and data contact-free with their environment when they are located in an electromagnetic field that is generated by coils in a terminal. The distance between chip card and terminal can usually lie between a few millimeters (near range, close-coupled, described in ISO 10536) up to 15 centimeters (far range, remote-coupled, described in ISO 14443). Given these chip cards, there is the problem that, without being plugged into a terminal, they can be modified in their memory from a distance, unnoticed by the user.
DE 43 27 334 C1 has disclosed a chip card that can distinguish between near range and far range or, respectively, non-near range. A phase difference between two signals serves as distinguishing feature for near and far range, coils as described in ISO 10 536 being preferably suitable for the detection thereof. It is also possible to combine coil arrangements on the chip card, as described in ISO 14 443 and in ISO 10 536. Additionally, contacts can also be present on the chip cards. With these different communication elements (coils according to ISO 14 443, ISO 10 536 and contacts), chip cards can exchange data and energy with their environment in the greatest variety of ways. For security reasons, a distinction is made between the utilization of a chip card in the near range of a terminal, for example by insertion into a slot, from that in the far range. Data that, for example, represent amounts of money should only be capable of being loaded when the chip card is plugged into a slot of a terminal and is located within the protected terminal. It should be impossible, namely, for specific memory areas on the chip card or specific functions of the chip card to be activated from a distance unnoticed by the user. DE 43 27 334 A1 in fact discloses how a signal is generated that indicates the near range between chip card and terminal. However, nothing is stated about the interaction between the coils for the far range, the near range and the contacts.
In detail thereto, DE 43 27 334 A1 has disclosed a chip card for contactless data transfer with a terminal comprising a transmission element with contactless energy supply having at least two reception elements separated from one another for the reception of electromagnetic, optical or acoustic alternating fields. A first electronics E
1
is provided on the chip card that edits the alternating field components received at the reception elements without interpretation of the intensities and outputs these to a second electronics E
2
as signals. A phase shift in the signals that occurs between the received alternating field components is unambiguously imaged, whereby a signal having a specific level PHS is output at the signal output of the electronics E
2
when the phase difference between the two signals exceeds a constant, preset value; otherwise, a signal having a different level PHS' is output. In detail thereto, DE 43 27 334 A1 has disclosed a chip card for contactless data transfer with a terminal comprising a transmission element with contactless energy supply having at least two reception elements separated from one another for the reception of electromagnetic, optical or acoustic alternating fields. A first electronics E
1
is provided on the chip card that edits the alternating field components received at the reception elements without interpretation of the intensities and outputs these to a second electronics E
2
as signals. A phase shift in the signals that occurs between the received alternating field components is unambiguously imaged, whereby a signal having a specific level PHS is output at the signal output of the electronics E
2
when the phase difference between the two signals exceeds a constant, preset value; otherwise, a signal having a different level PHS' is output. The level PHS indicates that the reception elements are located in a spatial region neighboring the transmission elements, what is referred to as the stereo separation region, whereby the signal with the level PHS is used for activating specific functions of the chip card in the stereo separation region. In particular, the phase shift to be interpreted and, as a result thereof, the signal PHS can be made available by a plurality of alternating field sources at different locations in that these sources exhibit different phase positions compared to one another and these different alternating fields superimpose in the surrounding space and thereby cause different, resulting phase gradients dependent on location. In particular, the constant value is permanently set to such a quantity that no near end operation is possible outside the capture range of the terminal. How a signal that indicates the near range between chip. card and terminal is generated can thus in fact be derived from DE 43 27 334 A1. However, nothing is stated about the collaboration between the coils for the far range, the near range and the contacts. The level PHS indicates that the reception elements are located in a spatial region neighboring the transmission elements, what is referred to as the stereo separation region, whereby the signal with the level PHS is used for. activating specific functions of the chip card in the stereo separation region. In particular, the phase shift to be interpreted and, as a result thereof, the signal PHS can be made available by a plurality of alternating field sources at different locations in that these sources exhibit different phase positions compared to one another and these different alternating fields superimpose in the surrounding space and thereby cause different, resulting phase gradients dependent on location. In particular, the constant value is permanently set to such a quantity that no near end operation is possible outside the capture range of the terminal. How a signal that indicates the near range between chip card and terminal is generated can thus in fact be derived from DE 43 27 334 A1. However, nothing is stated about the collaboration between the coils for the far range, the near range and the contacts.
DE 39 35 364, further, has disclosed a chip card that automatically distinguishes in a chip between the functions of contact operation and contact-free operation. Here, too, no distinction is made between various function levels that are characterized by different ranges.
In conformity with the aforementioned preamble of the invention, DE 195 09 517 C1 has disclosed an apparatus with a card terminal for transmission of energy and data to chip cards via electromagnetic waves, whereby the electromagnetic waves sent from the various card terminals differ in terms of one or more physical features such as amplitude, frequency, phase, energy density, spatial direction, electrical or magnetic field components. For receiving the electromagnetic waves, the chip card contains an electronic circuit that interprets the waves according to their physical features and activates different function parts of the circuit according to the result and, accordingly, the energy and data exchange ensues according to the specific functions of the respectively activated function parts of the circuit.
DE 42 05 827 A1 has disclosed a chip card for contact-free, bidirectional transmission of energy and data with a terminal that comprises a microprocessor and a memory as well as a coil for the near range, an electromagnetic resonator for the far range as well as an energy store and a manually actuatable switch.
Upon actuation of the switch, an encoded, remotely acting electromagnetic alternating field of the resonant circuit is initiated for data transmission from or into the memory.
TECHNICAL OBJECTIVE
The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a chip card of said spe
Angewandte Digital GmbH
Ho Lee Seung
Lee Michael G.
Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal
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