Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Topical sun or radiation screening – or tanning preparations
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-18
2002-11-19
Dees, Jose′ G. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Topical sun or radiation screening, or tanning preparations
C424S063000, C424S401000, 57, 57, 57
Reexamination Certificate
active
06482397
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to cosmetic compositions for topical application to human skin for the artificial tanning thereof, and more specifically, to such compositions having improved performance by the addition thereto of a coloring agent. This invention also relates to the use of such compositions to impart a tanned appearance to human skin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Direct exposure of human skin to natural sunlight is the most commonly used means of imparting a tan to the skin. Such exposure leads to tanning as a result of the darkening of preformed melanin in the skin, accelerated formation of new melanin and retention of melanin in the epidermis as a result of the retardation of keratinization therein. However, exposure to natural sunlight is frequently accompanied by several significant potential hazards, chief amongst which are the risk of sunburn, as well as the development of melanomas and other forms of skin cancer. Prolonged exposure to sunlight can also accelerate the natural aging process in the skin.
While some choose artificial sunlight as an alternative to exposure to natural sunlight, and as a potentially less risky means of obtaining a tan, this option too is not always suitable; hence, other options for skin tanning are desirable. One of these options, to which people are turning in increasing numbers, are the various “sunless tanning compositions” that can be used to impart a tan to human skin without the necessity of exposing the skin to natural, or artificial, sunlight. Such compositions contain, as their active agent, one or more of the available self tanning agents, including dihydroxyacetone (“DHA,” 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone).
DHA, currently the most widely used of the self tanning agents, is believed to exert its effect through interactions between its hydroxy groups and the amino groups of amino acids and peptides naturally occurring in the hydrolipid pellicle and first layers of the stratum corneum of the skin. Such Maillard reactions are believed (see, e.g., Bobin et al., J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 35: 255 (1984)) to lead to formation of brown pigments in the skin, thereby giving it an appearance similar to that of a naturally obtained tan.
Although DHA-based, and other, self tanning agent-containing compositions are currently in widely accepted use, they do suffer from several attendant limitations, chief amongst which are a “streaky” tan, primarily resulting from the uneven application of the compositions to the skin of end users. Such unevenness primarily arises from the difficulty the users have in seeing the sunless tanning compositions once they have applied them to their skin, and hence, in ensuring that the compositions have been evenly applied. This invention addresses said limitation of presently available sunless tanning compositions with its inclusion in such compositions of coloring agents, the presence of which affords users the ability to more accurately assess where they have applied the compositions to their skin.
As described hereinabove, a variety of sunless-tanning agent formulations, including DHA-containing compositions, are currently known and in use. For example, Vanlerberghe and Rosenbaum (U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,477) describe the use of aminated gamma-dialdehydes in artificial skin tanning. U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,154 (McShane) describes a DHA-containing oil-in-water emulsion useful for both artificial tanning and ultraviolet screening. U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,688 (Ziegler and Crotty) add polyacrylamide to DHA-containing compositions for thickening purposes, as well as for improved low-odor performance. Crotty and Ziegler (U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,378) describe compositions containing DHA and an anionic silicon polyol, e.g., dimethicone polyol phosphate, added to the compositions to prevent streaking, and propylene glycol, added therein for improved color intensity. U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,367 (Lentini and Zecchino) adds cyclodextrins to DHA-containing sunless tanning compositions, for the purpose of composition stabilization, and odor reduction, during storage. Tanner and Robinson (U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,437) enhance the stability of DHA-containing compositions by adding a salt thereto. U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,262 (Kurz et al.) formulates DHA in sunless tanning compositions with ingredients intended to inhibit the production of formalin and formaldehyde therein. Kurz et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,640) add colorants, e.g., organic dyes such as eosin derivatives, to sunless tanning compositions, for the purpose of enhancing their self tanning performance. Hansenne et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,656) adds an alkylpolysaccharide/fatty alcohol mixture to its compositions, so as to enhance the stability of the DHA found therein.
However, none of these documents describe the solution to the “streaking” problem provided herein, namely, incorporation of caramel or a similarly pigmented compound into this invention's sunless tanning compositions. Kurz et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,460) describe compositions containing colorants intended to adhere to the skin, said colorants being organic dyes. However, the colorants of Kurz are used to color the skin to which its compositions are applied, thereby aiding in the artificial tanning process, and not to color the compositions themselves; hence, Kurz's compositions cannot be said to contain a composition coloring agent, as such agents are described herein. Moreover, such colorants as are described by Kurz compositions are employed in its compositions at concentrations below the effective amounts of the composition coloring agents of this invention. Crotty and Ziegler (U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,378) do attempt to solve the streaking problem, but their solution, use of an anionic silicone polymer, entails a completely approach from the compositions of this invention. Moreover, both U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,210 (McEleney et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,210 rely upon pH-sensitive indicators to change color upon application to skin to show that their indicator-containing compositions have been applied to the skin.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides self tanning agent-containing cosmetic compositions suitable for imparting an artificial tan to human skin, the tan having an appearance similar to the effect caused by exposing the skin to natural or artificial sunlight. Said compositions contain: (a) an artificial tanning effective amount of a self tanning agent; (b) from greater than about 0.1% to about 5% of a composition coloring agent, e.g., caramel, grape extract or beta carotene, by weight of the composition; and, (c) a cosmetically acceptable carrier adapted for topical application to human skin.
The self tanning agent, preferably an alpha hydroxy aldehyde or ketone, is present in the compositions at artificial tanning effective amounts of from about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight of the composition. Most preferably, the tanning agent is DHA, and is present in this invention's compositions at concentrations of about 4% or about 5% by weight. The composition coloring agent, e.g., caramel, grape extract and beta carotene, is most desirably caramel, and is preferably present in the compositions at a concentration of about 0.8% by weight.
Accordingly, in the most preferred embodiments of this invention, the sunless tanning compositions provided herein comprise DHA, in amounts of about 4% or about 5% by weight, as the self tanning agent, and caramel, at a concentration of about 0.8% by weight, as the composition coloring agent.
Also provided herein is a method of imparting a tanned appearance to human skin in the absence of sunlight, said method comprising the application of the compositions provided herein to the skin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides sunless-tanning compositions, that is, compositions which, when applied to human skin, impart thereto an appearance similar to that achieved by exposing the skin to natural or artificial sunlight. Said sunless tanning compositions comprise, in addition to an artificial tanning effective amount of a self tanni
Ortega Alejandro V.
Scott John A.
Stroud Eric M.
Dees Jose′ G.
Franks Robert A.
Lamm Marina
Schering-Plough HealthCare Products Inc.
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