X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices – Specific application – Computerized tomography
Reexamination Certificate
1999-08-18
2002-07-09
Bruce, David V. (Department: 2882)
X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices
Specific application
Computerized tomography
C378S004000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06418185
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to computed tomography (CT) imaging and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for time-multiplexing data acquisition.
In at least one known computed tomography (CT) imaging system configuration, an x-ray source projects a fan-shaped beam which is collimated to lie within an X-Y plane of a Cartesian coordinate system and generally referred to as the “imaging plane”. The x-ray beam passes through the object being imaged, such as a patient. The beam, after being attenuated by the object, impinges upon an array of radiation detectors. The intensity of the attenuated beam radiation received at the detector array is dependent upon the attenuation of the x-ray beam by the object. Each detector element of the array produces a separate electrical signal that is a measurement of the beam attenuation at the detector location. The attenuation measurements from all the detectors are acquired separately to produce a transmission profile.
In known third generation CT systems, the x-ray source and the detector array are rotated with a gantry within the imaging plane and around the object to be imaged so that the angle at which the x-ray beam intersects the object constantly changes. A group of x-ray attenuation measurements, i.e., projection data, from the detector array at one gantry angle is referred to as a “view”. A “scan” of the object comprises a set of views made at different gantry angles, or view angles, during one revolution of the x-ray source and detector. In an axial scan, the projection data is processed to construct an image that corresponds to a two dimensional slice taken through the object. One method for reconstructing an image from a set of projection data is referred to in the art as the filtered back projection technique. This process converts the attenuation measurements from a scan into integers called “CT numbers” or “Hounsfield units”, which are used to control the brightness of a corresponding pixel on a cathode ray tube display.
In a growing number of computer tomography applications it is desirable to increase the speed of data acquisition with corresponding increased patient coverage in a given amount of time. Demands increasingly are put upon the data acquisition system (DAS), particularly in multi-slice applications. To include a single-slice DAS row for each row of detectors is cost-prohibitive. It is known to use a single-slice DAS to process the signal of several combined detector rows. Although this approach may serve to limit the number of DAS systems needed, it negates the potential benefit of higher z-resolution through multiple rows in z.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a single-slice imaging system DAS is time-multiplexed for measuring more than one signal during a DAS standard sampling time interval. More specifically, and in the one embodiment, each detector element includes a scintillator and two photodiodes aligned with respective portions of the scintillator. Each photodiode generates a signal based on the scintillator output. The signal from one of the photodiodes is subjected to a time-dependent gain during consecutive sampling intervals. The gain-adjusted signal and the signal from the other photodiode are combined, and the combined signal is processed to obtain an estimate of the z-derivative of the signal. The estimated z-derivative is then used to generate a high quality image.
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Besson Guy M.
Pfoh Armin H.
Armstrong Teasdale LLP
Bruce David V.
General Electric Company
Horton Esq. Carl B.
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