Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Separator – retainer or spacer insulating structure
Reexamination Certificate
2011-01-11
2011-01-11
Yuan, Dah-Wei D (Department: 1795)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Separator, retainer or spacer insulating structure
C429S212000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07867648
ABSTRACT:
A method is provided for making a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles, where the method comprises step a) of vacuum deposition of material from at least a first carbon target in the presence of nitrogen and step b) of vacuum deposition of material from a second target comprising at least one transition metal, the second target comprising no precious metals. In one embodiment, step a) is carried out prior to step b). In another embodiment, steps a) and b) are carried out simultaneously. Typically the deposition steps are carried out in the absence of oxygen. Typically, the transition metal is iron or cobalt, and most typically iron. The present disclosure also provides a supported catalyst comprising nanostructured elements which comprise microstructured support whiskers bearing nanoscopic catalyst particles made according to the present method. The present disclosure also provides a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising the present supported catalyst.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4333916 (1982-06-01), Iwai et al.
patent: 4578135 (1986-03-01), Ueno et al.
patent: 5240893 (1993-08-01), Witherspoon
patent: 5643343 (1997-07-01), Selifanov et al.
patent: 5645951 (1997-07-01), Johnssen
patent: 5711773 (1998-01-01), Selifanov et al.
patent: 6150569 (2000-11-01), Hamann et al.
patent: 6403245 (2002-06-01), Hunt
patent: 6425993 (2002-07-01), Debe et al.
patent: 6475653 (2002-11-01), Gomez
patent: 6610436 (2003-08-01), Dearnaley et al.
patent: 6835489 (2004-12-01), Venkatesan et al.
patent: 7005401 (2006-02-01), Lu et al.
patent: 2002/0144394 (2002-10-01), Uchida et al.
patent: 2003/0004058 (2003-01-01), Li et al.
patent: 2003/0124717 (2003-07-01), Awano et al.
patent: 2004/0058808 (2004-03-01), Lu et al.
patent: 2004/0081880 (2004-04-01), Chang
patent: 2004/0121210 (2004-06-01), Hamrock et al.
patent: 2004/0121221 (2004-06-01), Suzuki et al.
patent: 2004/0197638 (2004-10-01), McElrath et al.
patent: 2004/0197641 (2004-10-01), Visco et al.
patent: 2005/0031921 (2005-02-01), Ovshinsky et al.
patent: 2005/0095189 (2005-05-01), Brey et al.
patent: 2005/0095355 (2005-05-01), Leistra et al.
patent: 2005/0176990 (2005-08-01), Coleman et al.
patent: 2005/0200040 (2005-09-01), Hara et al.
patent: 2005/0221155 (2005-10-01), McLean et al.
patent: 2005/0221156 (2005-10-01), McLean et al.
patent: 2006/0088739 (2006-04-01), Ovshinsky
patent: 2006/0194092 (2006-08-01), Kanai et al.
patent: 2006/0264319 (2006-11-01), Yoo et al.
patent: 2007/0248752 (2007-10-01), O'Brien et al.
patent: 2007/0248875 (2007-10-01), O'Brien et al.
patent: 2008/0113257 (2008-05-01), Hampden-Smith et al.
patent: 2008/0274269 (2008-11-01), Bose et al.
patent: 100 38 800 (2002-06-01), None
patent: 2004/217977 (2004-08-01), None
Chemistry World; “Less Platinum For Cheaper Fuel Cells”, Aug. 2, 2005.
Halford, Bethany; Chemical & Engineering News, “Nanotube Catalysts” Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Could Make Fuel Cells More Affordable, vol. 87, No. 6, Feb. 9, 2009, pp. 7.
Hitachi Australia, “New Catalyst for Oxygen-Reducing Reactions From Hitachi Maxell”, Apr. 4, 2008. (no page numbers).
“Platinum-Nickel Allow Found to be Most Active Oxygen-Reducing Catalyst Ever Reported”, Jan. 30, 2007, no citation, no page numbers.
N. J. Kim, “Structure and Properties of Rapidly Solidified Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr Alloys with a High Zirconium Content”,Materials Science and Engineering, A158, 1992, (pp. 103-110).
Dahn, et al., “Economical Sputtering System to Produce Large-Size Composition-Spread Libraries Having Linear and Orthogonal Stoichiometry Variations”,Chemistry of Materials, 14 (8), 2002, (pp. 3519-3523).
Easton, et al., “Preparation and Characterization of Sputtered Fe1-xNxFilms”,Thin Solid Films, 493, 2005, (pp. 60-66).
Villers, et al., “Fe-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Pretreatment of the Carbon Support”,J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, (9), 2004, (pp. A1507-A1515).
Lefevre, et al., “Fe-Based Catalysts for the Reduction of Oxygen in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Conditions: Determination of the Amount of Peroxide Released During Electroreduction and its Influence on the Stability of the Catalysts”,Electrochimica Acta, 48, 2003, (pp. 2749-2760).
Paik, et al., “Extent of PEMFC Cathode Surface Oxidation by Oxygen and Water Measured by CV”,Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 7, (4), 2004, (pp. A82-A84).
Atanasoski, “2004 DOE Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program Review Meeting”, May 24-27, 2004, Philadelphia, PA, Presentation FC17, (pp. 1-16).
Faubert, et al., “Oxygen Reduction Catalysts For Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells From The Pyrolysis Of FeIIAcetate Adsorbed On 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride”,Electrochimica Acta, 44, 1999, (pp. 2589-2603).
Atanasoski Radoslav
O'Brien Dennis P.
O'Neill David G.
Schmoeckel Alison K.
Vernstrom George D.
3M Innovative Properties Company
Dahl Philip Y.
Marks Jacob
Yuan Dah-Wei D
LandOfFree
Fuel cell catalyst does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Fuel cell catalyst, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Fuel cell catalyst will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2704622