Glass manufacturing – Processes – With chemically reactive treatment of glass preform
Reexamination Certificate
1999-10-21
2001-10-09
Derrington, James (Department: 1731)
Glass manufacturing
Processes
With chemically reactive treatment of glass preform
C065S030110, C065S030130, C065S032300, C065S033200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06298691
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Several methods are known for making polarizing glasses. For example, it has been demonstrated that polarizing glasses can be produced from silver halide-containing glasses by a redraw process as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,540,793 (Araujo et al.), or by subjecting stretched glass to a reducing gas atmosphere as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,304,584 and 4,479,819 (Borrelli et al.). In the redraw process glass containing a separable phase is stretched or redrawn above its softening temperature, during which process, the separable phase is elongated. The thermal treatment which leads to the phase separation is carried out before the redraw process. In one version of the above process the separated phase is initially spectrally non-absorbing material such as AgClBr, CuClBr or copper/cadmium halides, which must be subsequently modified to create a desired dichroic property necessary for the polarizing effect. This is accomplished by treating the stretched glass in a reducing gas (e.g. hydrogen) environment at elevated temperatures for sufficient time to effect the chemical reduction of the spectrally non-absorbing materials to their corresponding metal. The chemical reduction process is a combined process involving both the diffusion of hydrogen in the glass, and the chemical reaction of the hydrogen with the halide phase. The polarizing behaviors derives from the reduced layer. Also, when the polarizing glass is heated to the vicinity of 500° C. for any prolonged period of time, the elongated particles resphetoidize and the polarizing property is lost. That is, the elongated particle returns to its spherical shape. This is explained by the fact that once the glass is soft enough, the interfacial forces act to undo what the redrawing forces had accomplished.
Hydrogen firing at elevated temperatures to change the color of glasses whose compositions contain reducible ions is also well known. A notable commercial application of that technique is found in the Corning incorporated eyewear product lines marketed under the SERENGETI® and CPF® trademarks. The color changes induced are attributed to the reduction of a portion of the silver in the glass to the atomic state. The chemical reaction proceeds very fast relative to the hydrogen diffusion which leads to the condition of a sharp boundary between the reduced region near the surface, and the unreduced region below the surface.
In addition to silver halide-containing glasses, it has also been shown that copper and cadmium halide photochromic glasses disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,299 can also be rendered polarizing in the darkened state. The thermally softened and stretched, or otherwise elongated. This action elongates the halide crystals and is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,485 (Seward III, et al.).
Japanese Published Application S.N. 4-279,337 discloses glasses that may be a silicate, a borate, or a borosilicate, and that may have copper halide crystals formed within the glass. The application further discloses that such glasses may be rendered polarizing in the infra-red for telecommunication purposes. This is accomplished in the same manner as in the silver halide crystal-containing glasses noted above. That is, the glass is stretched to elongate the crystals, and fired in hydrogen to at least partially reduce the copper halide to metallic copper.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,517,356 (Araujo et al.) discloses a glass polarizer having a precipitated crystal phase selected from cuprous, cadmium and mixed cuprous-cadmium halide.
For certain applications it is desirable to have the polarizing properties restricted to localized regions of the glass. There continues to be a need for new and improved methods of forming such integral polarizing
on-polarizing glasses.
Accordingly, the present invention also discloses a method of forming polarizing glasses having integral non-polarizing regions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the invention relates to a method for producing glass having both polarizing and non-polarizing regions integral thereto by: a) providing a phase separable, copper and silver-containing glass, said glass being phase separable by virtue of the presence therein of silver-halide particles; b) elongating the glass under stress such that the particles are elongated and aligned in the direction of the stress; c) forming a pattern of protected and unprotected regions in the glass, for example, by applying a layer of material on certain regions of the glass; d) either: (i) subjecting the glass to an ion-exchange bath to effect at least a partial reduction of the silver-halide particles and thereby render the glass polarizing in the unprotected regions; or (ii) exposing the glass to ultraviolet light and heat to render glass in the exposed regions polarizing by effecting at least a partial reduction of the silver-halide particles by copper; and e) removing the material from the protected regions to reveal the underlying non-polarizing glass.
As used herein, the “inventive glass” refers to glass having both polarizing and non-polarizing regions integral thereto, wherein the polarizing regions are formed by either ion-exchange or by light exposure at elevated temperatures.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3325299 (1967-06-01), Araujo
patent: 3540793 (1970-11-01), Araujo et al.
patent: 3653863 (1972-04-01), Araujo et al.
patent: 3954485 (1976-05-01), Seward, III et al.
patent: 4057408 (1977-11-01), Pierson et al.
patent: 4086089 (1978-04-01), Seward, III et al.
patent: 4092139 (1978-05-01), Ference
patent: 4191547 (1980-03-01), Wu
patent: 4304584 (1981-12-01), Borrelli et al.
patent: 4479819 (1984-10-01), Borrelli et al.
patent: 4832724 (1989-05-01), Borrelli et al.
patent: 4840655 (1989-06-01), Borrelli et al.
patent: 4908054 (1990-03-01), Jones et al.
patent: 5517356 (1996-05-01), Araujo et al.
patent: 6058738 (2000-05-01), Gill et al.
patent: 6089042 (2000-07-01), Gill et al.
patent: 4-279337 (1992-09-01), None
Borrelli Nicholas F.
Smith Dennis W.
Corning Incorporated
Derrington James
Peterson Milton M
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