Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Material introduced into and removed from body through...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-06-16
2001-10-16
Kennedy, Sharon (Department: 3763)
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Material introduced into and removed from body through...
C128S898000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06302863
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a composition of matter for dissolving of fat associated with or near the skin and a method of using the composition in combination with a high frequency oscillator for removal of the fat. In particular, the composition is directed to a perfluorocarbon composition.
2. Description of Related Art
A major concern relating to human skin is the accumlulation of excess layers of fat cells, especially in middle age and elderly people, which causes them to appear fatty and older.
Recent attempts have been made to remove subcutaneous fat as well as treat cellulite utilizing different techniques. Celluite is a lay term describing the uneven, bumpy texture of skin in specific areas of the female body (primarily hips, thighs, and buttocks) caused by the abnormal accumulation of fatty cells in masses beneath the skin. The main method today for subcutaneous fat removal is liposuction, a method which presents potential risk to the patient.
One of the first comprehensive reports on liposuction appeared in 1983 (Y. G. Illouz, Body Contouring by Lipolysis: A 5-Year Experience with over 300 cases; Plast. Reconst. Surg. 72:591 (1983)). A breakthrough ocurred with the development of the tumescent technique of Jeffrey Klein (Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 92:1085 ((93)). Tumescent anesthesia allows liposuction to be performed over larger areas using local anesthesthetic and a vasoconstrictor in a solution injected in the desired location. U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,416 by Blugerman et al. describes the tumescent lipoplastic method and apparatus. Ultrasonic tumescent liposuction was developed by Dr. Michele Zocchi in 1992 (Clin. Plast. Surg (1996) pp. 575-598). Ultrasound at 1 Mhz with power of 2 W/cm
2
is applied to the skin for ten minutes before suction, which is described by Parisi et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,491. Ultrasound from 16 to 20,000 Hz alters adipose tissue through mechanical disruption and cavitation with minimal thermal effect. Another method for removal of subcutaneous fat involves vaporization of adipose tissue using a laser.
Complications and trauma are major problems with the above methods for removal of subcutaneous fat and treatment of cellulite by liposuction. Excessive bleeding is associated with the procedure because the tools which are inserted into the subcutaneous fat are either sharp knives or blunt canulas that are scraped through the site of interest, damaging blood vessels. Complications arise mostly due to damaged blood vessels, causing blood clots that express as irregularities in the overlying skin. Nerves are also affected by the traumatic aspects of the procedure, causing loss of feeling in the treated area for some months afterwards.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, which overcomes these problems and inefficiencies of subcutaneous fat removal, is directed to compositions of perfluorocarbons and methods of using these compositions for subcutaneous fat removal. The advantage provided by the compositions and method of the invention is based on the ability of perfluorocarbons to rapidly emulsify the fat in the adipose cells without the necessity of a cannula or other blunt or sharp instrument to mechanically break, tear, or otherwise disconnect the adipose cells from site of intersest. Emulsification of the fat in the adipose tissue obviates the use of a cannula or other blunt or sharp instrument to mechanically break, tear or otherwise disconnect the adipose cells from the site of interest. In the present invention, emulsified fat is easily drawn out of the body by suction without the trauma caused by the presently available techniques of liposuction.
In one aspect, the invention is directed to a composition comprising perfluorocarbon and one or more agents selected from the group consisting of anesthetics and vasoconstrictors. The composition is in association with a pharmacuetical carrier.
It is an object of the invention to provide a composition for use in techniques, in particular liposuction techniques, for removal of tissue and fat from a patient.
Another aspect of the invention is a method for subcutaneous removal of lipid or fat cells from a patient. The method comprises the steps of contacting subcutaneous lipid or fat cells in an area of the patient with an effective or sufficient amount of the composition of the invention for a sufficient period of time to emulgate the lipid or fat cells into an emulsion. The emulsion is removed in a subsequent step. A version of the method involves oscillating the lipid or fat cells which were contacted with the composition with a sufficient amount of oscillation energy to enhance emulgation of the fat compared to emulgation without oscillation.
It is an object of the invention to provide a tumescent solution which emulsifies skin fat, forming it into a suspension, emulsion or liposomes in the presence of high frequency oscillations suitable for removal by suction without damage to blood vessels.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method of removal of fat from a patient with no damage or minimal damage to blood vessels.
These and many other features and attendant advantages of the present invention will become better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4886491 (1989-12-01), Parisi et al.
patent: 5052999 (1991-10-01), Klein
patent: 5158536 (1992-10-01), Sekin et al.
patent: 5374624 (1994-12-01), Segel
patent: 5414358 (1995-05-01), Eilenberg et al.
patent: 5419761 (1995-05-01), Narayanan et al.
patent: 5423803 (1995-06-01), Tankovich et al.
patent: 5455373 (1995-10-01), Kawa
patent: 5472416 (1995-12-01), Blugerman et al.
patent: 5507790 (1996-04-01), Weiss
patent: 5637318 (1997-06-01), Gross et al.
patent: 5679459 (1997-10-01), Reiss et al.
patent: 5713845 (1998-02-01), Tankovich
patent: 5716318 (1998-02-01), Manning
patent: 5785950 (1998-07-01), Kaufman et al.
patent: 5884631 (1999-03-01), Silberg
patent: 5891083 (1999-04-01), Capella et al.
patent: 0 475 160 B1 (1992-03-01), None
Lippold, B.C., “Depot preparations.” Pharmacy International, pp. 60-63 (1980).
Braun-Falco et al., “Liposome Dermatics.” Springer-Verlag, Table of contents (1992).
Cevc et al., “Ultraflexible Vesicles, Transfersomes, have an Extremely low pore Penetration Resistance and Transport Therapeutilc Amounts of Insulin Across the Intact Mammalian Skin.” Biochimica et Biopysica Acta 1368. pp. 201-215 (1998).
Ostad et al., “Tumescent Anesthesia with a Lidocaine Dose of 55 mg/kg is Safe for Liposuction.” Am. Soc. for Dermatol. Surg. 22:921-927 (1996).
Fischer, G., “Liposculture.” Am. Soc. for. Derm. Surg. 23: 1183-1187 (1997).
Gregoriadis, G., “Liposome Technology.” 2nd ed., vol. 1, Chapter 1, CRC-Press (Boca Raton, FL) pp. 1-36 (1992).
Richards et al., “Temporary Hair Removal in Patients with Hirsutism: A Clinical Study.” Cutis 45:199-202 (1990).
Hanke et al., “Safety of Tumescent Liposuction in 15,336 Patients.” Dermatol. Surg. 21:459-462 (1995).
Illouz, Y.G., “Body Contouring by Lipolysis: A 5 Year Experience with over 3000 cases.” Plast. Reconst. Sureg. 72(5):591-597 (1983).
Kharkevich et al., “The use of Magnetic Field for selection transport of curare-like substances.” J. Phar. and Toxicology, 5:32-35 (1985).
Klein, J.A., “The Tumescent Technique for Lipo-suction Surgery.” Am. J. cosmet. Surg. (4)4:263-267 (1987).
Klein, J.A., “Tumescent Technique for Local Anesthesia Improves Safety in Large-Volume Liposuction.” Plast. & Reconst. Surg. 92(6):1085-1098 (1993).
Rohrich et al., “The Role of Subcutaneous Infiltration in Suction-Assisted Lipoplasty: A Review.” Plast. & Reconst. Surg. 99(2):514-519 (1997).
Schaefer and Redelmeier, “Skin Barrier, Principles of Percutaneous Absorption.” Karger Publication, pp. 146, 198, 214-215 (1996).
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Urushibata and Kase., “A Comparative Study of Axillar Hair Removal in Women: Pluc
Brotman Harris F.
Kennedy Sharon
The Brotman Group
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