Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system – Plural physical display element control system – Display elements arranged in matrix
Reexamination Certificate
1998-05-08
2001-12-04
Hjerpe, Richard (Department: 2774)
Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system
Plural physical display element control system
Display elements arranged in matrix
C345S107000, C345S108000, C347S112000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06326944
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an image display having field-driven particles.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are several types of field-driven particles in the field of non-emissive displays. One class uses the so-called electrophoretic particle that is based on the principle of movement of charged colloidal particles in an electric field. In an electrophoretic display, the charged particles containing different reflective optical densities can be moved by an electric field to or away from the viewing side of the display, which produces a contrast in the optical density. Another class of field-driven particles are particles carrying an electric dipole. Each pole of the particle is associated with a different optical densities (bi-chromatic). The electric dipole can be aligned by a pair of electrodes in two directions, which orient each of the two polar surfaces to the viewing direction. The different optical densities on the two halves of the particles thus produces a contrast in the optical densities.
To produce a high quality image, it is essential to form a plurality of image pixels by varying the electric field on a pixel wise basis. The electric fields can be produced by a plurality pairs of electrodes embodied in the display as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,612,758. One difficulty is in displaying color images. The field-driven particles of different colors need to be provided in discrete color pixels. This approach requires the colored particles to be placed in precise registration corresponding to the electrodes. This approach is therefore complex and expensive.
An additional problem in the displays comprising field-driven particles is forming images that are stable. Typically the images on these displays must be periodically refreshed to keep the image from degrading.
Small size is a highly desirable feature in a product or subsystem. High levels of integration tend to reduce system size and cost. It is desirable to improve the integration of display devices. System complexity is reduced by integration; the integration of a display will allow the display to be operated with fewer auxiliary devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact display which produces highly stable images in response to temperature changes.
This objects are achieved by a display comprising:
a) a substrate;
b) a matrix formed over the substrate;
c) thermomeltable material disposed in the matrix, having a transition temperature range above room temperature wherein the viscosity of the thermomeltable material decreases substantially from below to above the transition temperature range;
d) field-driven particles, immersed in the thermomeltable material, so that the field-driven particles change reflective densities in response to an applied electric field when the material is above the transition temperature range and is stable at temperatures below its transition temperature range;
e) an array electrodes disposed above the substrate forming pairs of electrodes with each pair intersecting at a pixel for selectively applying an electric field in opposite directions across the matrix to drive the field-driven particles; and
f) heating means disposed in the display associated with the matrix for controlling the temperature of at least a portion of the matrix to control the response of the field-driven particles in the matrix.
ADVANTAGES
An advantage of the present invention is that the heater(s) are associated with the matrix and can be addressed to cooperatively produce monochrome or colored images in the display.
By providing heater(s) associated with the matrix; the display can be made compact; the power consumption is reduced by directly heating the matrix; and highly stable images are formed.
An advantage of the present invention is that the colored field-driven particles can be provided in a display without forming spatially discrete color pixels.
A further feature is to provide a display having field-driven particles which is highly stable at room temperature.
An additional advantage is that the image formed by the color field-driven particles on a display are stabilized by a viscous material below melting temperature when the image is displayed.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3612758 (1971-10-01), Evans et al.
patent: 4113482 (1978-09-01), Wells
patent: 4143103 (1979-03-01), Sheridon
patent: 4298448 (1981-11-01), Muller et al.
patent: 5344594 (1994-09-01), Sheridon
patent: 5604027 (1997-02-01), Sheridon
patent: 5854614 (1998-12-01), Larson
patent: 6064413 (2000-05-01), Wen et al.
patent: 6081285 (2000-05-01), Wen et al.
patent: 6177947 (2001-01-01), Wen et al.
“A Newly Developed Electrical Twisting Ball Display” by Saitoh et al p249-253, Proceedings of the SID, vol. 23/4, 1982.
Maclean Steven D.
Simpson William H.
Wen Xin
Eastman Kodak Company
Hjerpe Richard
Owens Raymond L.
Zamani Ali A.
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