Phosphor Materials

Details Phosphor Materials Phosphor Materials

1999-10-07

2001-03-20

Koslow, C. Melissa (Department: 1755)

Compositions

Inorganic luminescent compositions

Compositions containing halogen; e.g., halides and oxyhalides

C250S459100

Reexamination Certificate

active

06203726

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to new luminescent materials. Specifically, the present invention relates to the discovery of phosphor materials having the formulas A
2
BX
4
, ABX
4-y
:M and A
3-z
B
5
X
12
:M
z
, and to methods of using such phosphor materials for generating luminescence. In specific embodiments, this invention relates to the discovery of phosphor materials having the formulas Sr
2
CeO
4
, (Y
0.82
Al
0.07
La
0.06
)VO
4
:Eu
0.05
and (Y
0.5
Gd
0.5
)
2.97
(Al
0.5
Gd
0.5
)
5
O
12
:Ce
0.03
.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Luminescent materials, i.e., phosphors, are used in many devices including fluorescent lamps, plasma-panel display gas-discharge cells, electron-beam display devices, and other emissive displays, etc. These materials are often polycrystalline inorganic solids that emit radiation when stimulated with fast electrons, X-rays, ultraviolet (UV) photons, or some other form of radiation. The discovery and development of new solid state materials with efficient visible luminescence (i.e., phosphors) is of importance both for the next generation of flat panel displays (see, Maruska, et al.,
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.,
345:269 (1994)), for lighting applications (see, Butler,
Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors
, Penn. State Univ. Press, Univ. Park (1980)), and the like.
The preparation and discovery of new solid state inorganic compounds, however, is limited by the lack of a general framework that provides broad based predictive synthetic strategies and theories. Due to the lack of predictive tools available to the solid state inorganic chemist, the preparation of new phosphors has generally been restricted to serial synthesis and analysis techniques. As such, serial synthesis and testing of powder phosphors has been the discovery and development paradigm for the last one hundred and fifty years. Such techniques have resulted in the discovery of less than one hundred phosphors suitable for commercial use (see, Vecht, SID Seminar Lecture Notes, 2, F-2/3 (1996); Ropp,
The Chemistry of Artificial Lighting Devices
, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 414-656 (1993)). At the same time, efforts to predict basic solid state properties from theory, including intrinsic or extrinsic luminescent efficiency, have been unsuccessful (see, DiSalvo,
Science,
247:649 (1990)). Using traditional methods, fewer than 1% of all possible ternary compounds and less than 0.01% of all possible quaternary compounds have been synthesized heretofore (see, Rodgers, et al.,
Mat. Res. Bull.,
18:27 (1993)).
In view of the foregoing, it is readily apparent that there remains a need in the art for novel phosphor materials that can be used for generating luminescence. The present invention fulfills this and other needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the discovery of luminescent phosphor materials. Specifically, this invention relates to the discovery of new phosphor materials having the formulas A
2
BX
4
, ABX
4-y
:M and A
3-z
B
5
X
12
:M
z
using combinatorial synthesis and screening methodologies. More particularly, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to phosphor materials having the general formula:
A
2
BX
4
.
In the above formula, A is a cation selected on the basis of size, electronegativity and the tendency of the ion to crystallize in a 6 or higher coordination with X. B, in the above formula, is a cation selected on the basis of size and the tendency of the ion to crystallize in an octahedral or distorted octahedral coordination. X, in the above formula, is a member selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, and mixtures thereof. In a specific embodiment, the phosphor material has the formula Sr
2
CeO
4
.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to phosphor materials having the general formula:
ABX
4-y
:M.
In the above formula, A is a trivalent cation selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Al, all lanthanides and mixtures thereof. B, in the above formula, is a pentavalent cation selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, partial substitutions of 3
+
and 4
+
cations and mixtures thereof. X is a member selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, Se, Te, halogens, and mixtures thereof. The index “y” is selected such that it greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to one, i.e., 0≦y≦1. M, in the above formula, is a lanthanide ion. In a specific embodiment, the phosphor material has the formula (Y
0.82
Al
0.07
La
0.06
)VO
4
:Eu
0.05
.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to phosphor materials having the general formula
A
3-z
B
5
X
12
:M
z
.
In this embodiment, A is selected from the group consisting of Y, all lanthanides and mixtures thereof. B is selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Se, and mixtures thereof. X is selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, and mixtures thereof. M is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Tb, Pr, Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Tm, and mixtures thereof. Z is a number from 0 to about 0.5. In a specific embodiment, the phosphor material has the formula (Y
1-x
Gd
x
)
3-z
(Al
1-y
Ga
y
)
5
O
12
:Ce
z
, where x=0.5, y=0.5, and z=0.03.
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention and its preferred embodiments will become apparent from the detailed description which follows.


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