Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Tensioned or flexed sheet facing
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-15
2001-01-23
Stephan, Beth A. (Department: 3635)
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Tensioned or flexed sheet facing
C135S090000, C135S115000, C135S119000, C052S003000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06176050
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the protection of property against high winds and, in particular, to a flexible protective barrier device for securing property against the force of winds and from impact of foreign objects carried by the wind as occasioned by hurricanes, tornadoes and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As is known by one skilled in the art of protecting buildings and the like from damage caused by missile-like objects that are occasioned by the heavy winds of hurricanes or tornadoes, there are commercially available variations of hurricane protective devices, often called shutters, that fasten immediately over the frangible area to be protected. These devices are typically expensive to purchase, cumbersome, made from stiff, heavy material such as steel and aircraft quality aluminum alloy or occasionally plastic with reinforcing. Many need to be manually connected and then removed and stored at each threat of inclement weather. Many require unsightly and difficult-to-mount reinforcing bars at multiple locations. Further, these known shutters are usually opaque, preventing light from entering a shuttered area and preventing an inhabitant from seeing out. Likewise, it is desirable that police be able to see into buildings to check for inhabitants and to prevent looting which can be a problem in such circumstances. Missiles, even small not potentially damaging missiles, striking these heretofore known shutters create a loud, often frightening bang that is disturbing to inhabitants being protected.
Standardized testing requiring these protective devices to meet certain standards of strength and integrity has been introduced for various utilizations and locales. In order to qualify for use where testing requirements apply, the strength and integrity characteristics of these protective devices must be predictable and must be sufficient to meet mandated standards. Additionally, it is beneficial to qualify for these standards even in situations in which standards do not apply. As a result of these standards, many undesirable aspects of the previously-known shutters have been acerbated. They have become more cumbersome, more bulky, heavier, more expensive, more difficult to store, and remain generally opaque and noisy when impacted. To incorporate sufficient strength to meet said requirements, weight and bulk become a problem over six feet in span. The useable span (usually height) of the heretofore known shutters that meet said standards may be limited to eight feet or less. This makes protecting large windows, for example, or groupings of windows, with the heretofore known devices cumbersome, expensive and impractical. Devices that are intended to be deployed in a roll down manner either manually, automatically, or simply by motor drive, have been difficult to strengthen sufficiently to pass the test requirements and require unsightly reinforcing bars every few feet.
Prior to the introduction of said standards, an ordinary consumer had very little useful knowledge of the strength and integrity of said shutters. It is believed shutters of the pre-standard era were very weak such that all would fail the present standardized testing. It should be understood that the standards are not intended to provide a shutter that will protect in all situations. As the hurricane conditions can be very violent and destructive, the standards are not intended to require strength and integrity sufficient to protect in all circumstances. The standards simply provide a benchmark as to strength and integrity. Said strength and integrity of the shutters can now be measured.
There are many patents that teach the utilization of knitted or woven fabric such as netting, tarpaulins, drop cloths, blankets, sheets wrapping and the like for anchoring down recreational vehicles, nurseries, loose soil and the like. But none of these are intended for, nor are capable of withstanding the forces of the missile-like objects that are carried by the wind in hurricanes.
Some protection devices have internal stiffness and rigidity that resists deflection, or bending. In rigid protection devices, it is stiffness that stops the missile short of the frangible surface being protected.
Other protection devices use fabric or netting material to cover a unit to be protected. Typically, the device completely covers the unit, and edges of the fabric are fastened to the ground. Examples of fabric-employing devices are shown in the following patents: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,862,876 issued to Graves, 4,283,888 and 4,397,122 issued to Cros, 4,858,395 issued to McQuirk, 3,949,527 issued to Double et al., 3,805,816 issued to Nolte, 5,522,184 issued to Oviedo-Reyes, 4,590,714 issued to Walker and 5,347,768 issued to Pineda. The 5,522,184 patent for example, provides a netting that fits flush over the roof of a building and uses a complicated anchoring system to tie down the netting.
Typical of known flexible, fabric-employing protection devices is the characteristic of substantial wind-permeability. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,794, issued to Sporta, discloses a wind-permeable perforate sheet that extends downwardly and outwardly from the top of the object to be protected at an acute angle so as to surround a substantial portion of each of the sides with an inclined wind-permeable planar surface. The Sporta device, for example, discloses protective barriers that are from 50% to 90% open. With this type of device, any reduction in wind reaching the covered structure will be slight. The Sporta device may be effective in reducing damage otherwise caused by the impact of some debris. However, the substantially-wind permeable nature of the Sporta device makes this type of protective barrier a ineffective at reducing damage caused by the wind, itself.
Thus, what is lacking in the art is a flexible protective barrier constructed from a mesh material that can be easily stored and deployed for protecting the frangible portion of a structure not only from objects carried by the wind, but also from the force of the wind itself.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention contemplates the use of a flexible barrier, preferably a reasonably transparent, woven synthetic textile that is able to satisfy stringent testing requirements. Certain types of flexible material capable of withstanding high impact loads without bursting, can be disposed in front of the building or other structures intended to be protected, and anchored on opposing edges, to form a curtain sufficiently spaced from the frangible area to contain the impact of foreign objects hurled by the high winds. When used with a building, for example, the top edge of the fabric may be anchored to the eave of the roof and the bottom of the fabric may be attached to anchors imbedded in the ground or cement, so as to present a curtain adequately spaced out from and in front of the structure of the building to be protected. Not only does this afford frontal protection but, properly located and attached, it also serves to tie down the roof and protect it from blowing off. The winds that would ordinarily blow off the roof exert a force on the fabric which, in turn, exerts a downward force on the roof to act against the lifting forces tending to lift the roof. Knitted or extruded material can be used if the material itself meets the criteria described later herein.
The device provides a barrier that is substantially impermeable to wind. Although air travels through the barrier, the barrier is approximately 95% closed, and the velocity of wind passing through the device is greatly reduced. For example, the velocity of a 100 mph wind is reduced by approximately 97% by passing through the wind abatement system of the present invention. The wind abatement system of the present invention substantially reduces the force of wind passing through the device and also provides a barrier against wind-borne missiles having diameters of approximately {fraction (3/16)} inch in diameter or larger.
The ability to provide protection from wind forces and solid debris in a flexible device represe
McHale & Slavin
Stephan Beth A.
LandOfFree
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