Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Infrared – visible light – ultraviolet – x-ray or electrical...
Patent
1987-06-19
1990-04-10
Rosenbaum, C. Fred
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray or electrical...
A61N 130
Patent
active
049156853
ABSTRACT:
Methods and apparatus for administering known quantities of medicaments by iontophoresis, while avoiding burns caused by extremes in the pH of the medicament medium during passage of an electric current, are disclosed. It is known that as iontophoresis progresses in conventional iontophoresis systems, the electrolysis of water occurs to produce hydrogen or hydroxyl ions at the interface of the electrode and medicament medium. Since these ions are highly mobile, they are transported directly into the skin of a patient in preference to the larger medicament ions. Thus, extreme changes in pH are experienced which result in burns due to the acidificaion or alkalinization of the medicament medium and passage of electric current through the skin. In addition, the efficiency of iontophoresis decreases over time. The present invention avoids extremes in pH by removing the hydrogen or hydroxyl ions which are created during iontophoresis and creates conditions for constant delivery over prolonged periods of time.
In the present invention, the medicament ions are attached to an ion exchange matrix, such as an ion exchange resin. When the medicament leaves the ion exchange matrix, the vacated active site is filled by the produced electrolysis products, thereby allowing iontophoresis to progress at a relatively constant pH.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3991755 (1976-11-01), Vernon et al.
patent: 4141359 (1979-02-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4166457 (1979-09-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4215696 (1980-08-01), Bremer et al.
patent: 4250878 (1981-02-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4271189 (1981-06-01), Durlach
patent: 4292968 (1981-10-01), Ellis
patent: 4383529 (1983-05-01), Webster
patent: 4414842 (1983-11-01), Small et al.
patent: 4416274 (1983-11-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4419092 (1983-12-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4465074 (1984-08-01), Buchalter
patent: 4474570 (1984-10-01), Ariura et al.
patent: 4477971 (1984-10-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4526176 (1985-07-01), Bremer et al.
patent: 4557723 (1985-12-01), Sibalis
patent: 4570637 (1986-02-01), Gomes et al.
patent: 4602909 (1986-07-01), Csillik et al.
patent: 4639244 (1987-01-01), Rizk et al.
patent: 4722726 (1988-02-01), Sanderson et al.
patent: 4731049 (1988-03-01), Parsi
Molitor et al., "Studies on Iontophoresis: I. Experimental Studies on the Causes and Prevention of Iontophoretic Burns," American Journal of Medical Science, vol. 198, pp. 778-785 (Dec. 1939).
Molitor, H., "Pharmacologic Aspects of Drug Administration by Ion-Transfer," The Merck Report, pp. 22-29 (Jan. 1943).
Abramowitz, "Ion Transfer or Iontophoresis," Galvanic Current, pp. 120-124.
Waud, D., "Iontophoretic Application of Drugs," Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 23, pp. 128-130 (Jul. 1967).
Boone, D., "Hyaluronidase Iontophoresis," Physical Therapy, vol. 49, pp. 139-145 (1968).
Gore et al., "A Capacitive-Discharge, Microiontophoretic Device With Single-Ended Output," Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 30, pp. 264-267 (Feb., 1971).
Spencer, H., "Programmable Nanoampere Constant Current Sources for Iontophoresis," Medical and Biological Engineering, vol. 9, pp. 693-702 (Nov. 1971).
Handbook of physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Second Edition, Krusen et al., editors, pp. 379-380 (1971).
Geller et al., "An Improved Constant Current Source for Microiontophoretic Drug Application Studies," Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 33, pp. 430-432 (1972).
Bloom, F. E., "To Spritz or Not to Spritz: The Doubtful Value of Aimless Iontophoresis," Life Sciences, vol. 14, pp. 1819-1834.
Kahn, J., "Acetic Acid Iontophoresis for Calcium Deposits," Physical Therapy, vol. 57, pp. 658-659 (Jun. 1977).
Johnson et al., "On the Safe Electrical Administration of Ionized Drugs/Iontophoresis," 30th ACEMB, Los Angeles, California, (Nov. 5-9, 1977).
"Painless Anesthesia Device Developed by U Researchers," Health Sciences Report, p. 5 (Jan. 1978).
Langley, "Iontophoresis to Aid in Releasing Tendon Adhesions," Physical Therapy, vol. 64, No. 9, p. 1395 (Sep. 1984).
Shaya et al., "Percutaneous Electrophoresis of Amino Acids and Urea," Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, vol. 16, pp. 126-134 (1978).
"Iontophoresis," Medical Electronics, pp. 174 and 175 (Feb. 1984).
Jacobsen Stephen C.
Janata Jiri
Petelenz Tomasz J.
Stephen Robert L.
LandOfFree
Methods and apparatus for iontophoresis application of medicamen does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Methods and apparatus for iontophoresis application of medicamen, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Methods and apparatus for iontophoresis application of medicamen will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2297198