Hydraulic and earth engineering – Subterranean or submarine pipe or cable laying – retrieving,... – Repair – replacement – or improvement
Patent
1992-04-20
1993-08-31
Taylor, Dennis L.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Subterranean or submarine pipe or cable laying, retrieving,...
Repair, replacement, or improvement
405174, 175 62, E02F 518, F16L 100
Patent
active
052403521
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method wherein pipes are mounted into ground by pushing them successively into the ground. Before the ground forced excavating cylinders are replaced by the final corresponding pipes, which are pulled or pushed into the tunnel, the soil inside the first excavating cylinders is removed from the tunnel along with the excavating cylinders. The invention is suitable for mounting pipes especially into stoneless fine-grained soil, such as for leading pipelines under roads.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
When pipe diameters are small and distances short, it is possible to use soil-displacing methods in which the pipe is thrust into the desired direction by applying a sufficient force. A shaped head mounted at the end of the pipe displaces as much soil as is required by the cross section of the pipe. Such a device was presented in publications DE-1811421 and FI 51726. According to these methods the soil is forced to pack sideways and later soil is packed more when enlarging the hole or when soil is removed through the hole. The hole can be enlarged if it remains open without collapsing.
Swedish publication 446472 discloses a method of forcing cylindrical parts into ground by adding extra parts successively in starting excavation. The cylindrical parts are filled by soil which is removed by some known methods when the cylinders are in the built tunnel.
Methods which need an arbor to make the hole or to enlarge the hole have a disadvantage that holes can easily collapse. For this method is advantageous that the arbor pull a cable when, for example, it is forced under the road.
In the method according to Swedish publication 446 472 the diameter of pipe is so large (2 m) that the pipe must be emptied of soil by soil transporting apparatus. A pipe with a large diameter cannot be pushed under roads or railways without road damaging movements and displacements.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invented method offers a fundamental improvement over the above-mentioned shortcomings. The invented method is characterized in the following patent claims.
The most important advantages of the invention are that during hole tunneling, the collapsing of the road is prevented. When the cylinders are forced into ground by quick impacts of a hammer, the soil of road is not displaced. Extra soil or ground material outside the tunnel cannot be removed, only that soil which is placed inside the cross sectional area of the tunnel can be removed. That is why subsidences or depressions above the tunnel are not observable afterwards.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following there is a detailed description of the invention with references to the enclosed drawings.
FIG. 1 represents excavating cylinders forced under a road.
FIG. 2 represents pushing of final pipes to replace excavating cylinders.
FIG. 3 represents a pulling of final pipes under a road.
FIG. 4 represents a flange between pipings.
FIG. 5 represents a pulling/pushing part of final piping.
FIG. 6 represents a conical joint of excavating cylinders.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 the invention is applied for tunnelling under a road 1. The cylinders 2, 3, 4 are forced to penetrate under the road by hammer 6. The impacts are directed to the rear-most cylinder and a flange 5 transmits the impacts. The first cylinder is comprised of an abrasion resistant material, at least at the front end, and sharpened. Because of quick impacts, the soil is not able to move in spite of penetrating of the cylinders.
FIG. 2 shows pushing of outer pipes 8 of the tunnel. The pushing occurs by constant force of hydraulic cylinder 7. The cylinder is supported by a wall 11 of soil with supporting plate 10. The outer pipes 8 are pushed by means of a flange 9, which is leading the pushing force always to the rearmost cylinder. A cable 12 has been fixed to the first cylinder 2 and said cable has been led under the road simultaneously. Inside the cylinders 2,3,4 the excavating soil is removing from the tunnel when the
REFERENCES:
patent: 2074003 (1937-03-01), Templeton et al.
patent: 2325565 (1943-07-01), Williams
patent: 3656563 (1972-04-01), Blinne
patent: 4124082 (1978-11-01), Garver
patent: 4146347 (1979-03-01), Woods
patent: 4650374 (1987-03-01), Schmidt
patent: 4671703 (1987-06-01), Schmidt
patent: 5110237 (1992-05-01), Hesse
Olsen Arlen L.
Taylor Dennis L.
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