Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1980-11-10
1984-02-07
Chin, Gary
Boots, shoes, and leggings
364470, 73160, G06F 1546
Patent
active
044307209
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to cleaning yarns and to assessing yarn defects.
Apart from specific cases in which special yarn is desired to produce particular fashion effects, it is considered that the smoother the yarn is with respect to fluctuations in its cross section or diameter, the better will be the quality and the price which can be obtained for such yarn on the market. The appearance of such yarn quality is typically measured with the aid of yarn charts or electronic devices operating on the basis of known evaluation methods developed over the years especially for this purpose. Yarn cleaning apparatus are purposely used in a known manner for improving the quality of yarn on the basis of such measurable qualitative features. Apparatus of this type operates to cut out those yarn defects from the yarn during a rewinding process which exceed certain limiting values of one or more qualitative features.
It has become generally standard practice to consider the sporadically appearing visible irregularities in yarn as separate features along the total length of the yarn as compared to the statistical variations of the yarn cross section or diameter which appear far more regularly and consistently. Here, the distinction is made between thickenings of approximately one millimeter to a few centimeters (neps, slubs), between longer slubs of a few centimeters to approximately 50 cm plus (double threads, slubs) and thin places of a few centimeters to several meters in length.
The subjective perception or appearance, which is caused by the sporadic yarn defects described above, in the dimension of cross section or diameter of the yarn as well as in the dimension of length, is such that deviations in respect of a predetermined diameter on the one hand and with respect to a length of approximately 2 to 50 cm on the other hand very closely relate logarithmically to the quantity of these deviations. In other words, the subjective disturbing effect of a defect as perceived by the human eye increases or decreases approximately in proportion, to the logarithm of the physical expansion of the defect in one of the two dimensions thereof. In an evaluation of such defects, this would mean that, for example, every doubling of a defect feature in one dimension or the other corresponds to an increase of the disturbance sensitivity by only one factor. This identification can be observed effectively with the aid of defect quantization scales which have been used already in practice. In this regard, it is also known in that physiological perceptions, as for example perceptions of sound volume and light intensity are also related to the corresponding physical influence factor approximately in a logarithmic relationship.
Thus, the approximate logarithmic relationship between subjective a physiological perception and the objective state of sporadically arising yarn defects is known. This is acknowledged among other places in the customary practice of evaluating and classifying yarn defects into defect classes. However, up until now, no methods have been known in the area of yarn analysis and cleaning which intentionally make use of this logarithmic relationship and the relatively rare appearance of yarn defects for effecting simplification of these devices or for increasing the productive capacity of such devices. Of course, as long as techniques are carried out with use of circuitry based on analog technology for yarn analysis, there is no need to refer to these known relationships since the customary signal analysis using linear low pass filter elements and non-linear threshold value discriminators could hardly be improved in terms of simplicity.
It is a different matter with digital signal processing, however, involving the use of micro processors, processor elements and addressable memories. In this regard, the known digital methods for yarn analysis and cleaning are based on a signal processing which in the simplest way may be defined as a simple reproduction of the analog technology using digital means. However, these methods do n
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Chin Gary
Zellweger Uster AG
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