In plane LCD with an electrically conductive bead connecting the

Details In plane LCD with an electrically conductive bead connecting the In plane LCD with an electrically conductive bead connecting the

1997-11-12

2000-09-26

Parker, Kenneth

Liquid crystal cells, elements and systems

Particular structure

Having significant detail of cell structure only

349139, 349145, G02F 11343

Patent

active

061249165

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a monochrome or color liquid crystal display being widely used as a display for clocks, electronic calculators, video cameras or various other electronic equipment. More particularly, it relates to a liquid crystal display with a wide visual field angle having a low cost, which has, on one of two substrates containing a liquid crystal sealed thereinbetween, a pair of electrodes for forming an electric field in a direction parallel to the substrate and a non-linear resistance element having a "metal-insulator-metal" structure for switching a voltage applied to the electrodes.


BACKGROUND ART

In a conventional liquid crystal display, the display has been performed in the twisted nematic (TN) mode or in the super twisted nematic (STN) mode, in which both a first substrate and a second substrate are typically provided with respective electrodes for driving a liquid crystal and in which an electric field normal to the substrates is applied to the liquid crystal.
However, the mode using multiplex driving for the liquid crystal display of a simple matrix configuration results in a reduction in contrast or in a reduction in the speed of response varying as scanning lines are increased, and hence it becomes difficult to obtain a satisfactory contrast in the case of having about 200 scanning lines.
Thus, in order to eliminate such a deficiency, there tends to be employed an active-matrix mode liquid crystal panel, in which individual pixels are each provided with switching elements.
This active-matrix mode liquid crystal panel is largely classified into a three-terminal system using a thin-film transistor as the switching element and a two-terminal system using a non-linear resistance element. Of these, the two-terminal system is superior in that it is simple in structure and in its manufacturing process.
As this two-terminal system there have been developed a diode type, a varistor type, an MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) type, etc.
Among them, the MIM type is characterized in that it is especially simple in structure and has a shortened manufacturing process.
Furthermore, the liquid crystal display panel needs a high density as well as a high definition, so that it is necessary to reduce the area occupied by the switching elements.
The means for achieving that high density and high definition include a photolithography technique and an etching technique which are micro-treatment techniques in the semiconductor manufacturing technique. However, even though this semiconductor manufacturing technique has been used, it is extremely difficult to perform the microtreatment over a larger area and to achieve a low cost.
Next, a structure of a switching element effective for an enlargement of area and in a reduction in cost will be described with reference to FIG. 13 which is a plan view illustrating an example of the conventional liquid crystal display, and to FIG. 14 which is a sectional view taken along a line J--J thereof.
This liquid crystal display, as shown in FIG. 14, comprises a first substrate 41 and a second substrate 46 which are made of a transparent material and are opposed to each other by way of plural spacers 52 located at a predetermined distance, with a liquid crystal 51 being sealed thereinbetween.
On the first substrate 41 there is disposed for each pixel part a lower electrode 42 serving as a first electrode extending from a signal electrode 53, on which lower electrode 42 is formed a non-linear resistive layer 43 by means of an anodization method.
Moreover, an upper electrode 44 serving as a second electrode is disposed on the non-linear resistive layer 43 in an overlapping manner, to constitute a non-linear resistance element 40.
The upper electrode 44 as shown in FIG. 13 extends from a transparent display electrode 45 on a pixel part by pixel part basis, the second electrode being constituted of the upper electrode 44 and the display electrode 45.
On the other hand, a surface of the second substrate 46 confronting the first substrate 41 is provided wi

REFERENCES:
patent: 5831707 (1998-11-01), Ota et al.

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