Process and device for making use of plastic-coated or sheathed

Details Process and device for making use of plastic-coated or sheathed Process and device for making use of plastic-coated or sheathed

1996-10-15

2000-09-26

Rosenbaum, Mark

Solid material comminution or disintegration

Processes

With application of fluid or lubricant material

241 21, 241 23, 241 2413, 241 2418, 241 29, 241 791, 2411522, 241DIG14, B02C 1912

Patent

active

061232777

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a method for the recyling of plastic-coated or plastic-jacketed residues of cables and scrap of cables for the separate recovery of metal and of pure-type plastic capable of recycling, wherein the metal parts contained in the cables are separated from the jacketing and wherein the metals are recovered and wherein the plastics are processed such that they can be recycled as a metal-free recycled material of a pure type to a reuse as a pure plastic with the material properties of a new plastic material.


STATE OF THE ART

Cables forming electrical conductors generally comprise a metallic cable core and one or several strands, which are made predominantly from copper or aluminum and one or several cable jackets, which in general are produced of polyvinylchloride (PVC), wherein the individual metal strands can also be separately jacketed. For recovery of the high-value copper or aluminum from the residues of cables or from the scrap of cables, it is known to carbonize at high temperatures the plastic jacketing or to burn the plastic jacketing at high temperatures such that the metal core remains. In the carbonization at low temperature of plastics, in particular of polyvinylchloride PVC, there are generated however extremely damaging and poisonous waste gases, where the impact on the environment is no longer tolerated by the governmental authorities. The destruction of the valuable plastic is a further undesirable result of this method.
In the meantime, processes have widely spread, wherein the residues of cables or, respectively, the scrap of cables are comminutes to such an extent that the generated particle size does no longer allow any mechanical connection between metal and plastic. For example, such a method for the use of insulated cable residues has become known from the German printed patent document DE 3,529,322-A1, wherein the cable residues are cut by a comminuting machine to small parts such that already a substantial disintegration of metal and insulating material is performed. The comminuted material is transported into a separating plant by a blower, wherein the separating plant sorts the material by way of flushing with water. The separated material is collected in an overflow basin and the water is simultaneously used again as a supply of a pump with nozzles connected to the pump, whereby the different densities of metal and plastic are used for the separation.
Percentage purity grades are obtained in the separation of from 0.5 to 5% plastic in metal and of about 1 to 5% metal in plastic according to the state of the art. The remelting of the metal fraction is completely without problems, whereas the plastic fraction as a recycled material is substantially not capable of being used. The plastic fraction in general represents an uncontrolled mixture of very different plastics and can only be used for products of low quality in a downcycling step, where the market is substantially saturated for such low-quality products, and therefore, finally only the high-cost and environmentally detrimental dumping of the plastic wastes remains open. In particular, copper and copper salts operate as catalyst for the formation of dioxins on the dumping grounds or during the melting down of the plastic wastes. Therefore, the separation of metal and plastic out of cable scrap has to be considered to be very much a problem with or without a subsequent processing of the plastic residues according to the state of the art.
A method and a device for the separation of the plastic insulating material from metal conductors has become known in the German printed patent document DE 1,963,148, wherein the conductors are initially also cut in pieces, whereupon these pieces are immersed into a bath of a heated liquid, which does not chemically dissolve the insulation, whereupon the conductor pieces in the heated liquid are subjected to an impact load or shock load, releasing the softened insulating from the conductor pieces, for such a time until the materials of the jacket have be

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