Furnaces – Refuse incinerator – With means for advancing or handling refuse or residue
Patent
1986-10-24
1988-08-30
Favors, Edward G.
Furnaces
Refuse incinerator
With means for advancing or handling refuse or residue
110281, F23G 500, F23G 512, F23G 544
Patent
active
047668245
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a burner which is particularly suited for burning biomass such as wood chips and peat, the said burner comprising a combustion chamber whereinto the fuel is fed, an ash pit located below the combustion chamber, and an automatic feeder which is connected to the combustion chamber by means of an inlet shaft or equivalent arrangement. The term `burner` here refers to a fuel feeding and burning device which is attached to a furnace as an auxiliary arrangement.
In the prior art there are known separate front extension furnaces which can be connected to standard central heating furnaces. The front extension furnace comprises a combustion chamber, a grate and an ash pit. The front furnace is connectable to the furnace proper by means of a fire shaft. A fuel storage hopper is located above the front extension furnace so that between the hopper and the combustion chamber there are arranged locking means which are used for supplying fuel into the combustion chamber. For primary air supply and ash removal, the combustion chamber is provided with a hatch. For secondary air supply, an air inlet pipe is connected to the fire shaft. The fuel is gasified in the front extension furnace, and the resulting gases are burned by means of secondary air in the furnace proper.
The front extension furnaces are devices of the same size as the main furnace, and their purpose is to readjust for example an old oil furnace so that it is suitable for burning sawdust or wood chips. The readjustment operations are cumbersome and the front extension furnace requires a lot of space. This kind of a front extension furnace and main furnace combination has a high draught resistance, and the output regulation of the combustion process and the said combination becomes difficult. The combination is not easily adapted to quick changes in the fuel charge, and it does not function with small charges. Damp wood chips or damp sawdust cannot be used as fuel because the combustion temperature is relatively low, and the fuel supply into the front extension chamber is carried out in comparatively large and uneven batches by means of opening the locking members.
The German Patent Publication Nos. 62 043, 917 741 and 917 742 introduce various furnace constructions resembling the front extension surface and main furnace combinations; in these furnace constructions, the combustion chamber provided for solid fuel, and the afterburning chamber for gases, form a uniform furnace assembly. The combustion chamber is large, and it is provided with vertical and/or inclined grate arrangements. The use of these arrangements aims at achieving a high total output, which again requires that large amounts of fuel are treated at a time. The furnace output cannot be substantially regulated.
The installation of an automatic solid fuel feeder in connection to the aforementioned types of furnace and/or front extension furnace and main furnace combinations is difficult, sometimes outright impossible. If the feeder is managed to be connected to the furnace, the burning effeciency often remains poor because these furnaces and/or front extension furnaces generally have a large grate and a combustion chamber which is too small with respect to the grate. The flame temperature remains too low because the flames get into immediate contact with the cold fire surfaces and are cooled off so that complete combustion is not possible. The feeder input heigth also tends to rise high, particularly in bottom-heated furnaces where the fuel is fed in through the fuel supply hatch. In conventional furnaces the burning of sod peat, milled peat, peat pellets and straw pellets is also difficult owing to the large amount of created ashes and the fact that the ashes are sintered.
Within the class of regular burners which are suited for solid fuels can be included for instance so-called stokers that are primarily meant for burning wood chips, and incineration dishes or shafts which are provided with various fuel feeding means located on the top or on the same level as the
REFERENCES:
patent: 480538 (1892-08-01), Wilkinson
patent: 836402 (1906-11-01), Politz
patent: 4325310 (1982-04-01), Babbage
patent: 4537140 (1985-08-01), Baker
Favors Edward G.
Maamiehen Sahko Oy
Sermet Oy
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