Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Patent
1997-05-23
2000-08-15
Levy, Neil S.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
424405, 424409, 424486, 523122, 524 37, 524599, A01N 2524
Patent
active
061032530
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sprayable, film-forming preparation, for the systemic administration of biologically active substances to plant organisms.
Active substance formulations normally used for plants are emulsion concentrates, suspension concentrates, or so-called wettable powders which are applied by means of different sprayers, spargers, or nebulizing devices (e.g. spray bottles). However, these conventional preparations entail the disadvantage that active substance losses occurring during their application contribute to the contamination of the environmental sections (air, earth, water). This problem is caused by the spray flowing or dripping down the plant surfaces, by rain water washing the spray off, and by the spray drift during application. Their insufficient retention (adherence) and the poor wettability of plant surfaces are further disadvantages of these active substance formulations. These deficiencies frequently interfere with achieving the desired effect.
In the past, many attempts were made to minimize these drawbacks in order to optimize the use of spray agents. According to the art, these attempts can be summarized as follows: substances, such as surface-active agents, substances to prevent drying up, re-humidifying agents, hygroscopic additives, foamers, and in particular adhesion promoters. loading the spray electrostatically. size of droplets, the spraying pressure, and the spraying distance.
However, none of these measures provide a satisfactory solution with respect to spray drift and environmental impact.
In order to overcome this disadvantage, improved active substance release systems were developed which represent an alternative to conventional sprays. These are depot formulations in the form of flat-shaped, patch-like, adherent or pressure-sensitive adhesive systems which are applied to the plant's shoot axis. These administration forms for active substances effectively overcome the problem of active substance losses and the resulting environmental pollution; however, their use involves a lot of other problems mainly caused by their application. With this kind of device it is extremely important to dimension the size of the contact surface to the plant such that the device does not project past any part of the plant. In case of plants, the growth of which limits the choices of application site, e.g. those completely covering the soil, the application of a device is very difficult. Also, the application of these systems to plants whose surfaces have spines or thorns must be regarded as critical.
In addition, there are problems with respect to using these systems in plants excessively growing in thickness; if the carrier foil is insufficiently stretchable, the application around the stems involves the risk that the plant becomes strangled or that the system grows into the shoot axis, this may damage the underlying tissue layers.
Finally, the use of such systems takes a relatively great deal of time and work not only with respect to the application, but also afterwards since they must be removed when the treatment is completed. Moreover, there is the cost-increasing problem of waste disposal.
According to the state of the art one can say in general terms that there has been considerable progress with respect to the reduction of the required active substance expenditure, the frequency of application, and the undesired effects on other organisms, but that this is accomplished at the expense of other properties.
Film-forming formulations represent another kind of active substance release systems. These are known in the art from the following patents SU 1364267, DE 2804563, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,698.
The publication SU 1364267 relates to a film-forming formulation based on carboxymethylcellulose and is used in the storage of agricultural products, in particular in the preservation of fruits and vegetables. To this end, the crop product to be stored is treated by spraying or dipping to form a thin film on the surface of the plant organs; owing t
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Ziv et al., Plant Disease, vol. 67, No. 2, Feb. 1983, pp. 212-214.
Kamp, HortScience, vol. 20(5) Oct., 1985 pp. 879-881.
Hoffmann Hans-Rainer
Kloczko Malgorzata
Roreger Michael
Levy Neil S.
LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme GmbH
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