Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Machine or implement
Patent
1997-03-06
2000-08-15
Canfield, Robert
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Machine or implement
527211, 527262, 527372, 527376, 5222311, 14 6, 14 13, 14 73, E04C 320, E04C 344
Patent
active
061017817
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to beam structures adapted to be subjected to at least one flexure force determining along said beam structure a curve at least of the bending moments, comprised particularly of concrete, a first body whose height and length define respectively the height and length of said beam structure. The technical fields of the invention comprise civil engineering, particularly works of art and hydraulic works, construction, and more generally any field requiring the use of structures resistant to flexure, made of concrete or other known moldable material.
The prior art teaches numerous concrete constructions in concrete or prestressed concrete, comprising or not a metallic core. There is known for example constructions of the square bridge type shown in FIG. 1A or constructions of the multiple beam type interconnected by rough walls as shown in FIG. 2A, or constructions of the bridge type with masts and stays as shown in FIG. 3A.
The dimensions of these works and of the beams which comprise them, as the case may be, are particularly determined as a function of the forces to which they must be subjected in use, comprising their own weight and the variable or permanently applied added weight, thereby permitting determining the envelope curve of the bending moments relative to the construction or to a beam comprising this construction.
For each example of construction given in FIGS. 1A, 2A, and 3A, there is represented in FIGS. 1B, 2B, and 3B, respectively, one of the curves representing the corresponding bending moments by a portion of the construction, for example a curve for the platform and a curve for the abutment in the case of the construction shown in FIG. 3A. For simplification, the variable added loads have not been taken into consideration in the curves of bending moments relative to FIGS. 1A, 2A, and 3A. In all of the present text, for simplification and better comprehension, the abscissae of all the curves of bending moments have been represented in a direction identical to that of the portion of the construction to which it relates, the value O of the bending moments on the ordinates having been positioned on the abscissae, and the bending moments have been given an identical sign for the same force direction, which is to say essentially positive between supports and negative or zero to the supports or to their approaches.
In FIG. 1B, the four curves 1', 2', 3', 4' of the bending moments correspond to the four walls 1, 2, 3, 4 comprising the square bridge with constant cross section shown in FIG. 1A. It will be seen that for the upper wall 1 for example, the bending moments on the curve 1' are maximum in absolute value and of a sign opposite to the supports and in the central portion of the wall farthest from the supports. The curve 1' of the bending moments, which permits computation of the bending constraints which the wall 1 must resist, give rise to a distribution of the principal metallic reinforcements as follows: in the external portion of the square in the region of the supports, and in the lower portion of the wall 1 in the central region farthest from the supports, the metallic reinforcements being distributed in the tensioned portions of a concrete section because of poor resistance to tension of this latter. the same reasoning can be applied to the horizontal wall 3 and to the vertical walls 2 and 4 comprising the square bridge giving rise to a distribution of the principal metallic reinforcements as shown in FIG. 1C.
The example shown in FIG. 1A shows a construction of simple design but of which the resistance is essentially that of the metallic reinforcements disposed principally in the tensioned regions of the construction. This type of construction comprises in fact a large quantity of concrete which does not assist in the strength of the construction, and whose sole object is to clad the metallic reinforcements, thereby giving rise to relatively high cost.
The construction shown in FIGS. 2A and 2C shows a platform bridge of the type with multiple beams interc
REFERENCES:
patent: 1701841 (1929-02-01), Evers et al.
patent: 4712344 (1987-12-01), Erdei
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