Process and arrangement for the supply of water to a pond

Details Process and arrangement for the supply of water to a pond Process and arrangement for the supply of water to a pond

1995-01-19

1997-08-26

Manahan, Todd E.

Animal husbandry

Aquatic animal culturing

Fish culturing

119228, A01K 6300

Patent

active

056601417

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process and an arrangement for the supply of water to a closed pond for the breeding of fish.
The invention is of particular concern with a pond type which is arranged to float in water, such as fresh water or sea water, for breeding fish, such as salmon and trout, but can also be adapted for a land-based installation.
For breeding fish in the sea, it is usual to employ open ponds which consist of a net bag and associated floating bodies besides. The open net bag causes fresh sea water continuously and by means of currents and waves to move through the net bag. In this way, fish which are held within the net bag, necessarily supplied by sea water, are safeguarded. A breeding installation consists as a rule of several separate ponds.
The breeding of fish in open ponds has been found to involve a series of problems. It is difficult to control the environment for the fish. Water temperature, salinity and oxygen content of the sea water will be variable over the year and during the course of a day. In addition algae have good growth conditions in the spring and summer. Some algae types are poisonous and fatal to fish. Also salmon lice often exist in open breeding installations. The operation of open breeding installations at sea often leads over time also to a stress of the environment in the vicinity of the installation. This stress is due to organic waste in the form of residues of fish feed, plus solid or liquid excrement from the fish. Organic waste which lies on the sea bottom in the vicinity of the breeding installation will over time decay. Problems of pollution from fish breeding are described in a series of newspaper articles and professional articles, including the Norwegian newspaper "Bergens Arbeiderblad", 12 Oct. 1988, page 9. The problems with breeding in open ponds exhibit themselves in the form of various diseases the in fish. Diseases can be spread by infection being transmitted from one installation to another. These diseases often lead to heavy mortality among fish and consequent difficulties with the economic operation of open breeding installations.
Solving of the problems of breeding based on floating, open ponds have been attempted by constructing closed installations, on land or at sea. By closing the installations, the possibility is reduced of both sickness, and the danger of transmitting disease between the installations. Land-based breeding installations consist of several closed breeding vats. The environment for the fish is improved by the stable temperature, salinity and oxygen content of the supplied sea water. This is achieved when the intake of sea water is placed deeply, for example at 30 to 50 m water depth. The water is pumped up and distributed to the breeding vats. The effluent water from the breeding vats can be dealt with separately and solid materials and the like can be filtered off before the water is led back to the sea.
Experiences with land-based breeding installations have shown however that this type of installation also has problems. The problems are primarily associated with high investment and operation costs. High investments are due to large installation costs in the form of the arrangement of building sites, pump stations, water distribution systems, etc. High operation costs are due for one thing to expenses for electricity because large quantities of sea water are to be pumped to a large lifting height, often more than 10 m. In order to reduce the quantity of water, oxygen can be supplied, but the supply of oxygen is difficult and associated with problems. Experiences with the operation of a land-based breeding installation are described in the publication "Fiskets Gang", week 50, 1988, page 7.
An alternative to land-based installations is to construct closed, floating breeding installations. Proposals for such installations are for example described in the Norwegian newspaper "Aftenposten", 2 Feb. 1989, page 64 and in the Norwegian newspaper "Bergens Tidende", 29 Apr. 1987, page 32. As for land-based installations, sea

REFERENCES:
patent: 4655169 (1987-04-01), Ola
patent: 4711199 (1987-12-01), Nyman
patent: 4798168 (1989-01-01), Vadseth et al.
Publcation "Norsk Fiskeoppdrett" No. 3/86, pp. 30-33 & 20.

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