Optical waveguides – Integrated optical circuit
Patent
1994-08-15
1998-05-26
Ullah, Akm E.
Optical waveguides
Integrated optical circuit
G02B 612
Patent
active
057579890
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical circuit system (for example, an optical circuit, optical LSI, optical circuit substrate, backplane optical circuit) which can produce an optical signal for propagation along an optical circuit composed mainly of an optical waveguide and optical fiber, more particularly which can produce an optical signal with a small fluctuation in intensity by a plurality of electrical elements without the use of separate electro-optic conversion elements and to components of the same (for example, optical tabs, optical switches, optical couplers, waveguide optical amplifiers, waveguide optical lasers, and optical couplers).
The optical circuit system and components according to the present invention are suitable for use in optical information fields such as optical communications and optical interconnection.
2. Description of Related Art
Optical circuits, as is well known in the art, play an important role in various optical information processing systems such as optical exchanges in optical communication. We have proposed various systems regarding optical circuits for optical interconnections wherein we form optical circuits by coupling IC's, multichip modules, boards, etc. by optical waveguides in optical circuits using optical waveguides and optical fibers and transmit signals over the same. According to these proposals, the optical circuit is primarily formed by optical waveguides. In an optical circuit comprised primarily of optical waveguides, however, there is the problem of attenuation of the intensity of the signal light along with the propagation and transmission of light.
Further, proposals have been made of various systems for generating optical signals from electrical signals. For example, a proposal has been made of the method of guiding non-signal light generated at a light source through an optical waveguide and generating signal light having intensity modulation by a voltage-controlled type optical branching filter formed by an electro-optic material etc. In these methods, however, when generating a plurality of signal lights from a single waveguide, there is the problem of the difficulty in obtaining signal light with a fixed intensity.
On the other hand, as an element for amplifying the attenuating signal light, in the field of optical communications, study has been made of optical amplification fibers using optical fibers. While these are effective as elements for amplifying the signal light propagated through an optical fiber, there is the problem that they are not suitable in terms of integration or compatibility as elements for amplifying the signal light propagated through an optical waveguide.
On the other hand, waveguide optical amplifiers and waveguide lasers are applied for the above-mentioned optical circuits and are promising in themselves as the important components in various types of optical systems.
That is, optical fiber amplifiers comprising optical fibers doped with rare earth ions are used for long distance optical communications. To use waveguides in the long distance optical communications and to make optical systems more compact is effective for reduction of the size of optical systems. In the case of a waveguide, however, since the optical path becomes shorter, it becomes necessary to increase the amount of doping depending on the shortness of the path. Until now, attempts have been made to realize a waveguide amplifier of a polymer by doping the polymer with molecules containing a rare earth element or with rare earth ions in large amounts, but there were problems of reabsorption of the light and of light extinction due to the large amount of doping of rare earth-containing molecules or rare earth ions. Similar problems also arose in a glass-type waveguide.
On the other hand, along with the higher speeds and greater miniaturization of LSI's, the problem of wiring delay and heat generation have arisen. In view of this, numerous attempts have been made to introduce optical wiring for
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Hayano Tomoaki
Ishitsuka Takeshi
Matsuura Azuma
Motoyoshi Katsusada
Sotoyama Wataru
Fujitsu Limited
Ullah Akm E.
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