Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Separator – retainer or spacer insulating structure
Patent
1987-07-21
1988-10-11
Skapars, Anthony
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Separator, retainer or spacer insulating structure
429160, 429204, 429210, 429225, H01M 1004
Patent
active
047771011
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns a storage battery comprising one or several cells enclosed in a housing, each cell containing electrolyte and monopolar or bipolar plates coated with positive and/or negative active mass and separated by separator plates, and requisite electrical connectors connecting with each other the cells and/or plates.
Traditional lead storage batteries usually consist of plates enclosed in a cell and immersed in an electrolyte which have a current-carrying conductor part, a plate frame made of lead or of a lead alloy, and active mass, which usually has been pasted onto the plate frames. The plates frames have lugs on their margins by which they are soldered to current busbars of lead, these in their turn being welded to each other through the cell partitions. When the storage battery is being discharged with high current, the resistance of the plate frames limits the operation of the storage battery in the way that only the active mass in the vicinity of the plate lugs will be efficiently utilized. In order to ensure adequate current passage, an unnecessarily high amount of lead has to be provided on the plate frames, and this increases the weight of the storage battery. Furthermore, in conventional storage batteries battery boxes are used in which the partitions between cells are prefabricated. Not very many current leads can in practice be carried through the partitions to carry current from one cell to the other. The deep battery box with its partitions is a plastic component which is in itself expensive and difficult to manufacture.
Storage battery designs deviating from what is conventional are also known in the art, in which part of the electrodes have been made bipolar. The positive and negative active masses of mutually adjacent cells have been pasted on one and the same plate frame, which has in connection with die casting been fixed at its centre in a plastic frame. These plastic frames have been welded to each other with ultrasonics so that the cell partitions, and at the same time the entire storage battery, are sealed tight. The advantage of a storage battery of this type is low internal resistance and uniform use of the active material, a consequence of the contact from one cell to the other which is divided over the whole area of the partition. The drawback is an exceedingly high number of welds that have to be produced in a welding process, whereby the manufacturing costs will be high.
So-called recombination storage batteries are also known in the art (see e.g. EP No. 01 07 976), in which the plates carrying positive and negative active mass in adjacent cells have been connected with each other by means of bridging pieces. Said bridging pieces may in fact consist of lands connecting plate parts belonging to adjacent cells. In this storage battery type there are no tightly sealed partitions at all between the plate stacks constituting adjacent cells, there is merely an air gap. This structure is only possible in the case that the electrolyte has been absorbed into the separator plates and active masses. The drawbacks include current leakage on the surface of the leads along the electrolyte film; this drawback is the greater the broader the connecting pieces between plates. The current distribution is also still partially non-uniform because all current must pass through said leads.
The object of the invention is a storage battery in which the drawbacks associated with the storage batteries described above have been avoided and a number of significant advantages have been gained which would not be possible using structures conforming to known technology. The storage battery of the invention comprises one or several cells enclosed in a housing, each cell containing electrolyte and monopolar and bipolar plates coated with positive and/or negative active mass, and requisite electrically conductive connectors connecting the plates and/or the cells, and the invention is characterized in that the wall separating or sealing off each cell from adjacent cells and/or from the hous
REFERENCES:
patent: 2904614 (1959-09-01), Gottschall
patent: 2968686 (1961-01-01), Duddy
patent: 3003012 (1961-10-01), Duddy
patent: 4331747 (1982-05-01), Julian et al.
Blomberg Mats
Loponen Markku
Neste Oy
Skapars Anthony
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