Electric heating – Inductive heating – Specific inductor configuration
Patent
1993-06-22
1995-02-21
Leung, Philip H.
Electric heating
Inductive heating
Specific inductor configuration
219632, 174 156, 336 62, H05B 642
Patent
active
053918630
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The invention concerns a hollow electrical conductor which can be cooled to extremely low temperatures with an inlet for gases cooled to extremely low temperatures, in the liquid or gaseous state, and an outlet for the gases. It also concerns methods for the application of such a hollow conductor.
It is known that cooling an electrical conductor to an extremely low temperature lowers its electrical resistance. This reduction in resistance for copper material is, for example, 0.4% for every degree Celsius reduction in temperature of this material. It follows therefore that the current level can be correspondingly reduced whilst maintaining the same useful power. Because the losses, i.e. current consumption heat, increases with the square of the increase in the current, a reduction in the current level leads to a correspondingly disproportionate reduction in the current consumption power to be dissipated. This means, for example, that if the current is halved the amount of current consumption heat to be dissipated is reduced to one quarter.
It is known (DE-OS 22 60 322, DE-PS 11 67 979 and US-PS 18 17 247) that to be able to draw off the heat due to the ohmic losses which occur with hollow electrical conductors a coolant can be passed through these conductors. Due to its high heat capacity, water is particularly important as a coolant. This means, however, that it is not possible to achieve a supercooling effect with a relevant drop in the electrical resistance of the conductor.
Furthermore, it is also already known ("Kernfusion, Forschung und Entwicklung". Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, year 91, pages 57 to 62) that liquid gases which have been cooled to extremely low temperature can be sprayed into one end of a hollow conductor with a boiling effect and drawn off in the gaseous state at the other end of the hollow conductor. The disadvantage of this is that low temperatures are produced mainly only in the area where the liquid gas is sprayed in because in this area the boiling of the liquid gas produces low temperatures whilst in the following area of the hollow conductor only the evaporated gas, which has a substantially lower refrigerating potential relative to volume, can be effective.
The task of this invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages of the aforementioned hollow conductors and procedures and to produce a hollow conductor over whose complete length the uniform distribution of a low temperature can be ensured. This should also bring about an economically effective cooling of the hollow conductor using a simple construction. Furthermore, procedures for the application of such a hollow conductor are to be given.
This task is solved by this invention by means of a hollow conductor as described in the introduction in that at least one hose element is arranged in the hollow conductor, is connected to a gas connection and provided with perforations for the outlet of the gases. The hose element or hose elements (5:24) produces the required uniform distribution of the coolant introduced in a gaseous form or in the liquid phase and therefore ensures a uniform cooling of the hollow conductor. Disturbing, abrupt temperature changes in the conductor are therefore reliably avoided.
Hollow conductors of this kind are suitable for use for carrying current anywhere where very heavy current is used.
The hollow conductor can have either a round or rectangular cross section.
The hose element in accordance with the invention can be designed such that it passes through the entire hollow conductor and is connected at one end to a gab connection and sealed at the other end. It is also possible to be able to use two hose elements arranged from each end of the hollow conductor so that their combined lengths are matched to the length of the hollow conductor and each of which is connected to a gas connection. It is also possible to use just one hose element which is passed through the entire hollow conductor and connected at both ends to a gas connection.
To improve the uniform output of the gas in
REFERENCES:
patent: 630501 (1899-08-01), Greenfield
patent: 2277223 (1942-03-01), Goodridge
patent: 3593242 (1971-07-01), Andersson et al.
patent: 4241233 (1980-12-01), Bahder et al.
patent: 4247736 (1981-01-01), Grigoriev et al.
patent: 5049840 (1991-09-01), Gesche et al.
Leung Philip H.
Purdue David C.
Purdue John C.
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