Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Heterocyclic carbon compound containing a hetero ring having...
Patent
1997-02-25
1998-06-16
Johnson, Jerry D.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Heterocyclic carbon compound containing a hetero ring having...
44393, 44397, 525178, 525183, 525240, 525445, 525 55, C10L 122
Patent
active
057662738
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to polymer blends containing .alpha.-olefin and on an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine and contains at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acrylates, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid derivatives,
Middle distillates, such as gas oils, diesel fuels or fuel oils, which are obtained from mineral oils by distillation, have different paraffin contents, depending on the origin of the crude oil. At relatively low temperatures, solid paraffins separate out (cloud point, CP). On further cooling, the lamellar n-paraffin crystals form a house-of-cards structure and the middle distillate sets although the predominant part of the middle distillate is still liquid. The flow of the fuels based on mineral oil distillates is very adversely affected by the precipitated n-paraffins at a temperature range between cloud point and pour point. The paraffins block filters and result in a non-uniform fuel supply to the combustion units or completely stop said supply. Similar problems occur in the case of fuel oils.
It has long been known that the crystal growth of the paraffins in the heating and power fuels based on mineral oil middle distillates can be modified by suitable additives. The effective additives prevent middle distillates from forming such house-of-cards structures and from becoming solid at temperatures only a few degrees Celsius below the temperature at which the first paraffin crystals are formed. Instead, fine, well crystallized, separate paraffin crystals are formed which pass through filters in motor vehicles and heating systems or at least form a filter cake which is permeable to the liquid part of the middle distillates, so that trouble-free operation is ensured.
A disadvantage of these additives is that the precipitated paraffin crystals have a higher density than the liquid part and therefore tend to settle out to an increasing extent on the bottom of the container during storage. This results in the formation of a homogeneous low-paraffin phase in the upper part of the container and a two-phase paraffin-rich layer at the bottom. Since the middle distillate is generally taken off slightly above the bottom of the container, both in vehicle tanks and in the mineral oil dealer's storage or delivery tanks, there is the danger that the high concentration of solid paraffins will lead to blockages of filters and metering apparatuses. This danger is all the greater the further the storage temperature falls below the separation temperature of the paraffins, since the amount of paraffin which separates out increases with decreasing temperature.
The paraffin crystal modifiers, ie. the flow improvers or paraffin dispersants, are generally polymers which modify the crystal growth of the n-paraffins by cocrystallization (interaction) and improve the flow properties of the middle distillate at low temperatures. According to DIN EN 116, the efficiency of the flow improvers is expressed indirectly by measurement of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP).
Ethylene/vinyl carboxylate copolymers, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,479 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,627,838, have long been used as flow improvers.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,471,458 discloses alternating copolymers of maleimides and olefins of not less than 8 carbon atoms, which are used as dispersants and detergents in heating fuels. The alternating copolymers consist in particular of aliphatic 1-olefins of 8 to 30 carbon atoms and N-substituted maleimides in which the radicals forming the imide group are nonaromatic and contain 3 to 60 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 amino nitrogen atoms, the copolymer having from 4 to 20 repeating units.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3 471 458, the imide group is in particular a radical of the formula 3.
DE-C-31 37 233 protects compositions for improving the cold filtration properties of middle mineral oil cuts having an initial distillation temperature of from 200.degree. to 230.degree. C. and a final distillation
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Dralle-Voss Gabriele
Faul Dieter
Kasel Wolfgang
Oppenlander Knut
Wenderoth Bernd
BASF - Aktiengesellschaft
Johnson Jerry D.
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