Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Flow deflecting or rotation controlling means – Deflector movably or removably mounted relative to outlet
Patent
1996-03-11
1998-10-27
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Flow deflecting or rotation controlling means
Deflector movably or removably mounted relative to outlet
239514, 2611121, B05B 126
Patent
active
058268006
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a differential pressure cleaning system consisting of a flow pipe with a throttle and at least one cleaning fluid feed device fitted over the throttle.
The exhaust gases from technical processes are generally mixtures of gases, vapours and dusts. The dust-like, i.e. disperse proportion, can occur in the carrier gas in both solid and liquid form. The separation of solid or liquid particles, as well as the separation of a gaseous component from the gaseous dispersing agent, are part of the processes of mass transfer.
Acceleration and deceleration of the gas flow and of an injected cleaning fluid causes turbulent vortexing of the gas, dust and liquid droplets with one another. This results in very rapid wetting of the dust particles and accelerates chemical reactions. The energy required for the separation process is provided by the flow energy of the gas to be scrubbed. If the process involves hot gases, in particular, which must be cooled, condensation processes are also used, these being characterized by enthalpy reduction and utilisation of the dust particles as condensation nuclei.
Part of the flow energy is lost as a result of the interaction between the cleaning fluid and the dispersion agent. The unavoidable occurrence of friction in this context leads to the dissipation of energy, i.e. to a pressure loss and an additional pressure gradient in the direction of the gas flow.
The energy consumed naturally increases with the difficulty of the mass transfer process. Therefore, in the case of high gas-scrubbing demands, cleaners are used through which the gas flows at high velocities.
These wet scrubbers are known as "differential pressure cleaning systems" due to the comparatively great pressure differences occurring in them.
The most commonly, used differential pressure cleaning system is the venturi cleaning system, of which numerous designs exist. This type of cleaning system is typified by the venturi pipe, where the cleaning fluid is injected at low Pressure at the narrowest cross-section, the throttle, via an axial injector or via a transverse injector. As a result of the intense shearing effect of the gas flow, the liquid particles are torn into ultrafine droplets. The high acceleration of the gas in the throttle and the resultant high relative velocity between the dust particles and the droplets are the reason for the very good separating properties of the venturi cleaning system. Depending on the separation performance, the pressure loss is between 3,000 and 2,000 pascal. The exact pressure loss depends on the gas velocity and the quantity of cleaning fluid injected.
A venturi cleaning system reacts very strongly to fluctuations in load on account of the connection between separation performance and flow velocity. This problem is counteracted technically by changing the cross-section of the venturi throttle, where the throttle cross-section is designed as a rectangular slot and the longitudinal walls are adjustable. However, the problem of load fluctuations can also be overcome by sucking in secondary air or ambient air. However, both approaches to solving the problem of load fluctuations involve an enormous design effort.
Another type of differential pressure cleaner is the annular gap cleaner. In this type of cleaner, the change in cross-section is achieved by vertically displacing a conical, centrally-fitted displacement body, such as a conical and axially movable adjusting body, which forms an annular gap with the housing. The annular gap between the conical displacement body and the housing, through which the gas flows, then serves as a mixing stage for the cleaning fluid and the gas to be cleaned. On account of the relatively small adjustable annular gap, the spraying density and gas velocity are extraordinarily high, which is an essential factor in the scrubbing process.
The disadvantage of annular gap cleaners, however, is the extraordinary design effort involved, as the conical displacement bodies, in particular, are relatively difficult to manufacture and annula
REFERENCES:
patent: 3393901 (1968-07-01), Krause
patent: 3517485 (1970-06-01), Dell'agnese et al.
patent: 3544086 (1970-12-01), Willett
patent: 3690044 (1972-09-01), Boresta
patent: 4023942 (1977-05-01), Brady et al.
Douglas Lisa Ann
Kashnikow Andres
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