Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Electric or magnetic imagery – e.g. – xerography,... – Post imaging process – finishing – or perfecting composition...
Patent
1982-09-22
1984-05-08
Kittle, John E.
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography,...
Post imaging process, finishing, or perfecting composition...
430137, 430138, G03G 908
Patent
active
044475160
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known to tone electrostatic latent images contained on photoconductive or dielectric surfaces by application thereto of electroscopic marking particles. It is also known to have electroscopic marking particles in dry form which can be fixed by pressure onto the photoconductor which may comprise a sheet of paper coated with photoconductive zinc oxide in a resinous binder or which electroscopic marking particles can be transferred from the photoconductor onto plain paper and affixed thereto by pressure. Electroscopic marking particles which can be fixed by pressure are generally referred to as pressure fixing dry toner.
Pressure fixing dry toner composition of encapsulated and non-encapsulated type are also well known. Encapsulated toners are disclosed for instance in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,080,250, 3,080,251, 3,080,318, 3,893,932 and 3,893,933. Pressure fixing toners of non-encapsulated type are disclosed for instance in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,788,994, 3,804,764, 3,873,325, 3,903,320 and 3,925,219.
Encapsulated dry toners of the prior art methods disclosed have inherent limitations with regards particle size control, quantity and type of colouring matter which can be encapsulated, capsular shell thickness and inertness. In each of the prior art disclosures the fixing pressures disclosed are very high, being generally within the range 200-500 pounds/lineal inch. In the past it was considered that pressure fixing toners were of necessity formulated to require high fixing pressure in order that such materials should possess suitable physical characteristics for normal handling purposes.
In our co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 958,009 dated Nov. 6, 1978 (based on Australian Patent Application No. PD 2374/77 dated Nov. 10, 1977), entitled "Microcapsular Electroscopic Marking Particles" and in co-pending International Application No. PCT/AU81/00179 dated Dec. 3, 1981 (based on Australian Patent Application No. PE6894/80 dated Dec. 11, 1980), entitled "Dry Toner for Electrostatography" there are disclosed electroscopic marking particles that is dry toner material in the form of microcapsules of controlled size wherein high intensity colouring matter can be encapsulated within an inert capsular shell and wherein such capsular shell allows fixing by relatively low pressure yet permits easy handling of the dry toner material. Such electroscopic marking particles are prepared in the form of microcapsules following in general the encapsulation teachings of H. Ruus as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,827 and G. E. Maalouf as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,000,087, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The technique disclosed therein is generally referred to as interfacial polycondensation, in which process a non-aqueous phase containing one reacting material is emulsified in an aqueous phase containing a second reacting material. Reaction is arranged to occur under constant agitation to produce microdroplets of the non-aqueous phase encapsulated in a shell comprising the reaction product formed at the phase interface, such shell preferably comprising a substantially impervious polyamide or other polymeric compound.
The microcapsular electroscopic marking particles in accordance with our co-pending applications comprise coloured encapsulated pressure fixable substance contained within a rupturable shell and a residue layer over such shell.
The substance to be encapsulated comprises in essence an ink, a first reactive substance and a carrier for said ink and said first reactive substance.
The ink in accordance with out co-pending applications comprises colouring matter which may be organic or inorganic pigment, magnetite or ferrite or other magnetizable substances, dyes which may be present in particulate state or in dissolved state or in absorbed or adsorbed state associated with the pigment or magnetizable substance, binder material for said colouring matter such as mineral and vegetable oils, natural and synthetic resins, bituminous substances, rubber or other elastomer
REFERENCES:
patent: 1497747 (1924-06-01), Wieland
patent: 3732172 (1973-05-01), Herbig
patent: 4307169 (1981-12-01), Metkan
Goodrow John L.
Kittle John E.
Research Hildings Pty. Limited
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