Radiant energy – Invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling – Infrared responsive
Patent
1981-01-13
1983-05-17
Marcus, Michael S.
Radiant energy
Invisible radiant energy responsive electric signalling
Infrared responsive
250341, 436 21, 436128, 436 96, 436131, 436129, 426231, G01N 3312, G01N 2125
Patent
active
043842062
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a process for detection of particular quality properties in individual articles of food or raw articles for foodstuffs, i.e. "boar odour and boar taste" ("boar taint") in carcases of non-castrated boars or parts of such carcases, which detection may be incorporated as a natural stage in the production process of treating the carcases with a view to achieving a sufficiently reliable criterion for assessing in which category of two or more organoleptic quality categories the individual carcase or part is to be sorted.
Boar odour and boar taste, called "boar taint" below, are, such as the name suggests, a characteristic of boars which in contradistinction to their sisters (sows) and castrated brothers (hogs) have a characteristic sweat-like or urine-like smell in the meat. As a certain part of the consumers are sensitive towards this smell, all small boars are castrated in Denmark and in most other countries. However, this procedure involves a considerable loss in production as growth and meat quality are considerably lower for castrates than for boars.
However, the point is that only about 5 percent of the boars of normal slaughter weight smell so heavily that it will be inconvenient, and for the reasons stated below it would be desirable if castration could be avoided and those animals which show considerable boar taint could instead be sorted out and used for products in which the taint is concealed.
Until now there has, however, not been any method available through which carcases showing boar taint could be sorted out in a slaughtering line in a sufficiently efficient way.
There are methods for the detection of what is believed to be the main component of the boar taint, i.e. androstenone, but those methods which until now have been tried cannot be considered for an on-line detection in slaughterhouses. The known methods are high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, radioimmunoassay, enzyme-coupled immunosorbent assay and gas-liquid chromatography. All of these methods are complicated, labour-intensive and slow, and they require apparatus which can hardly be used in slaughterhouse environment in continuous operation.
To give an understanding of the problems in connection with the present example of an organoleptic property, that is, boar taint, boar taint will be discussed in greater detail below:
Boar taint was investigated for the first time by Lerche in 1936 (Geschlechtsgeruch bei Eberkastraten, Z. Fleish- u. Milchhyg. 46, 417, (1936)). Thereafter, there were only scarce activities in the field until 1968, when the appearance of the mass spectrometer enabled R. L. S. Patterson (5.alpha.-Androst-16-ene-3-one Compound Responsible for Taint in Boar Fat, J.Sci.Fd.Agric., 19, 31-38, (1968)) to identify what he believed was the main component in boar taint and which is still considered the main component in boar taint, i.e. androstenone (5.alpha.-androst-16-ene-3-one). In a later article (Identification of 3.alpha.-Hydroxy-5.alpha.-androst-16-ene as the Mush Odour Compound of Boar Submaxilliary Salivary Gland and its Relationship to the Sex Odour Taint in Pork Meat. J.Sci.Fd.Agric., 19, 434-438, (1968)), Patterson describes the identification of the related compound 3.alpha.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-androst-16-ene from boar salivary glands and presents the hypothesis that this is the primary olfactory communication compound (sex pheromon) and that surplus thereof is stored in the fat tissue in oxidised form as androstenone. The deposit varies considerably; thus, Oystein Andresen (Oystein Andresen & Havard Bakke, 5.alpha.-Androstenone in Fat from Boars Selected for Rate of Gain and Thickness of Back Fat and from Boars Used in Artificial Insemination Service, Acta. Vet. Scand., 16, 492, (1975)) has found a variation from 0.8 to 7 .mu.g/g from the shoulder region to the loin region.
The fact that androstenone is considered to be the main component in boar taint is related to the fact that this compound has a smell which resembles boar taint to a high de
REFERENCES:
patent: 4009390 (1977-02-01), Satterlee et al.
patent: 4102646 (1978-07-01), Sleeter
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 79, 77338e (1973).
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 85, 1580232 (1976).
Welcher, Frank J., Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, Part B, D. Von Nostrand, Inc., New York, pp. 1447, 1450 (1963).
Marcus Michael S.
Slagteriernes Forskningsinstitut
LandOfFree
Process for detection of particular quality properties in indivi does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Process for detection of particular quality properties in indivi, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Process for detection of particular quality properties in indivi will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1568417