Cyclone separator with two separating zones and static guide mec

Details Cyclone separator with two separating zones and static guide mec Cyclone separator with two separating zones and static guide mec

1987-03-06

1988-12-06

Sever, Frank

Liquid purification or separation

Tangential flow or centrifugal fluid action

209144, 209211, E01D 17038

Patent

active

047894768

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a cyclone separator with two separating zones and static guide mechanisms for improving the separating capacity with respect to very finely dispersed particles from flowing gases and for reducing the pressure drop or for influencing the field of flow of a conventional centrifugal force separator with a tangential, spiral or helical intake channel, with a cyclone casing which is cylindrical at the top and conical at the bottom, as well as a solids collecting container positioned below it, a cylindrical immersion tube for removing the pure gas flow projecting centrally from above into the cyclone casing within the cylindrical separating zone.
In a centrifugal force separator, the inflowing feed is separated as a result of the centrifugal forces occurring in a swirling flow, which act on the particles flowing in circular or spiral paths. As a result of the axial velocity component of the field of flow, the separated coarse material slides in spiral manner on the cyclone outer wall into the solids collecting container, which forms the lower termination of the cyclone casing. The unseparated fine material passes with the gas flow flowing out through the immersion tube into the clean gas channel.
The simple operation of a conventional centrifugal force separator ensures, as is known, a high operating reliability, low maintenance expenditure, low prime costs and limited space requirements. The limits of its wide use range are at an operating pressure of 100 bar and gas temperatures of over 1000.degree. C.
However, the use advantages of a conventional cyclone must be considered against the disadvantages of the high pressure drop and low separating capacity with respect to the separation efficiency compared with other separators. Known conventional cyclones have as the main cause of the low separating capacity an irregular, axial velocity distribution along the interface, secondary flows, short-circuit flows and strong turbulence within the separating zone. The main cause of the high pressure drop is the non-conversion of the energy of rotation necessary for separation into pressure energy, due to deflection losses and a restricting action at the immersion tube inlet, so that up to 90% of the total pressure drop occurs in the vortex core (cyclone eye) below the immersion tube.
As a result of the requirement of limiting emissions of dust which can enter the lungs, the recovery of valuable products or the maximum separation of abrasion dust from process gases, as well as for energy reasons, the conventional cyclone must be increasingly combined with other separating means, which are more efficient in finely dispersed particle size ranges below 20 .mu.m. These requirements and the fact that the cyclone is the only industrially usable separator for removing dust from hot gases at above 500.degree. C., require additional constructional measures for improving the separating capacity and for reducing the pressure drop.
For fulfilling these requirements, it is known to install guide mechanisms in the separating zone or within the immersion tube, but the hitherto published patent applications do not take account of all the causes of the low separating capacity and the high pressure drop and no new cyclone development provides a second separating zone constructionally within a single apparatus and additionally makes use of return flows around the cyclone axis for particle separation purposes.
In a known cyclone construction (DE-OS No. 23 61 995), the conventional, cylindrical immersion tube, apart from its axial opening, is provided on the lower end face with additional slotted gas inlets within the immersion tube jacket, which are formed by pressed in cover plates of said jacket. The dust removal efficiency cannot be improved, because said slotted immersion tube construction suffers from the important disadvantage that neither the strong sink flow below the immersion tube, nor the solids layer flow along the outer immersion tube circumferential surface can be reduced and no devices are provided for

REFERENCES:
patent: 2604956 (1952-07-01), Israel
patent: 2719631 (1955-10-01), Vicard
patent: 2967618 (1961-01-01), Vane
Staub-Reinhaltung der Luft, vol. 45, No. 4, Apr. 1985, Dusseldorf, DE, P. Schmidt: "Zyklonabscheider mit schraubenspalt Diffusor", pp. 163-165.

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