Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Patent
1989-06-30
1998-06-23
Achutamurthy, Ponnathapura
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
514 2, 514 21, 530326, 530350, A61K 3800, A61K 3802, A61K 3804
Patent
active
057705720
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to substances useful for the treatment of animals, including humans, which have been subjected to a foreign agent, which agent exerts an undesired effect only after first binding to an endogenous receptor. More particularly, the present invention relates to such substances, and methods of use thereof, which are directly or indirectly derived from the natural endogenous receptor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In order to exert their action in a living body, many pathogenic and toxic agents, such as viruses, bacteria and also toxins and poisons, become attached to specific binding sites, e.g., to cell surface receptors. Such binding phenomena may be necessary as a first step in viral infectivity or may be the essence of toxic inactivation of a critical physiological function. A receptor is a cellular component that interacts with a specific ligand. Ligands classified as agonists, when bound to their receptors, activate an effector system and trigger a bioresponse. Ligands classified as antagonists depress receptors or inhibit the action of the agonist. When, for example, cobra venom or curare is attached to a cholinergic receptor, the binding of acetylcholine is prevented. Prevention of such formation of certain ligand-receptor complexes should be beneficial in combatting the deleterious effects of the pathogenic or toxic agent.
Prevention of complex formation can be achieved via a number of basically different approaches. For example, the generation of anti-toxin antisera has proven to be a useful approach in the treatment of snake bites. Immunological inactivation of viruses and bacteria is the essence of vaccination. In both of these cases the infiltrating substance is intercepted by highly stereospecific immunoglobulins which in turn prevent the substance from reaching its target of action.
Alternatively, a different approach has recently been suggested according to which an analogue of the foreign material is used to preoccupy the host receptor binding site, and thus viruses or bacteria are prevented from associating with the tissue they normally would infect.
These known approaches suffer certain basic drawbacks. Immunological inactivation is "ligand-specific". Furthermore, many bacteria and viruses have the capability of periodically modifying their immunogenic epitopes by random mutations and recombination processes, thereby rendering the immunoglobulin ineffective. The use of ligand analogues is "receptor-specific". However, by definition, such analogues occupy the receptor preventing its functionability.
The present invention employs a novel approach to the problem of prevention of formation of such ligand-receptor complexes which approach is "receptor-specific" yet does not prevent the functionability of the native receptor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to obviate the drawbacks of the prior art.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel approach for the prevention of formation of ligand-receptor complexes which approach is "receptor-specific" yet does not prevent the functionability of the receptor sites.
It is another object of the present invention to provide molecular decoyants which are not substantially larger than the molecular structure of the ligand binding site in the native receptor and which can be used to bind pathogenic or toxic agents in vivo in a "target-specific" manner.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide substances which are small enough as to be substantially non-immunogenic and which act as decoyants in vivo to compete with the natural binding sites and intercept the specific ligands and inactivate them.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a method for the treatment of animals, including humans, which have been subjected to foreign agents which exert an undesired effect only after first binding to an endogenous receptor.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide such a-method by adminis
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