Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment – Containment – Solidification – vitrification – or cementation
Patent
1996-10-28
1998-06-23
Suchfield, George A.
Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
Containment
Solidification, vitrification, or cementation
210691, 210747, 210925, 405125, 405263, 588259, B09C 108, C09K 332, C02F 168, C02F 128
Patent
active
057697779
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a method for absorbing organic, ecologically stressed pollutants such as oil, tar and phenols on grounds, rubble or solid disposal sites, floating on or in waters or in a disposal site designed as pollutant reservoir with liquid and/or sludge phases and/or solid deposits.
A number of technologies and materials are known for absorbing such pollutants and entail considerable costs in application, construction and waste removal, however without ensuring a correspondingly comprehensive immobilization for each of pollutant stress.
Illustratively adsorbents are used in the form of polymers (for instance East German patent 298,132; German patent 4,008,693); binders (for instance East German patents 144,274; 201,649 and 234,370); German patents 4,108,089; 3,825,905; 2,951,776 and 2,452,061); carbonaceous materials (for instance East German patents 223,076; 296,069; 277,595 and 205,390; German patents 3,818,096 and 2,536,807), foamed materials (for instance German patents 4,113,125; 4,038,155 and 2,738,528; East German patent 137,256); chemicals (for instance German patents 3,908,746; 3,507,917; 3,423,885 and 2,434,632); biological substances (for instance German patents 4,104,898; 3,818,096 and 1,769,461)) or microorganisms (for instance German patent 2,911,016). The polluted materials are processed by heating (for instance East German patents 294,684 and 297,575), by subtraction (for instance East German patent 223,076) or extraction (for instance German patent 4,233,584).
However special problems are caused by pollutants introduced by accidents into waters and by pollutants stored in waste disposals or in old dumps. Particularly severe problems are deposits with liquid and/or sludge phases. To control the last cited sedimentation, usually comprehensive and costly designs are required to prevent the pollutants from reaching either the ground water or the surface water. In these cases immobilization is possible only at exceedingly large expenditures of thermal or extraction treatments, still further costs being incurred for waste removal. Accordingly it is the object of the invention to employ simple means for absorbing pollutants and to achieve their immobilization.
In comprehensive and costly research over many years, it was found that fly ash and/or cement-activated fly ash of large surface and with the configuration of a hollow shell, in particular fly ash from lignite-powder fired boilers is brought into contact with the pollutant, that the fly ash and the pollutant are activated with water, mixed into mixture immobilizing the pollutant and are consolidated. If the pollutants are deposited on grounds, rubble or solid disposal areas, then in the method of the invention the fly ash is scattered dry on the pollutant, the pollutant as well as the fly ash then is mixed with water and next is seamlessly incorporated in the form of a pollutant-immobilized mixture into a disposal dump as a sealing material or as a sub-structure of traffic paths or as a compacted and immobilized product.
If the pollutants are introduced on account of accident floating on and/or in waters, then, according to the invention, the fly ash will be deposited on the water surface, the pollutants will be absorbed on the fly ash the mixture of fly ash and pollutant in the water is then sedimented and settles as a pollutant-immobilized mixture at the bottom of the waters and is solidified as such.
If the pollutants on account of storage were introduced floating on and/or in the pollutant reservoir functioning as a sedimentation facility and in the form of liquid and/or sludge phase and/or with solid sedimentation, then the invention calls for depositing dry fly ash on the surface of the pollutant reservoir or introducing a fly-ash/water suspension absorbing the pollutants on the fly ash, whereupon the mixture of fly ash and pollutant is sedimented and is deposited in the form of a pollutant-immobilized mixture at the bottom of the pollutant reservoir and further is consolidated.
If the pollutants in the sedimentation facil
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