Radiant energy – Photocells; circuits and apparatus – Photocell controlled circuit
Patent
1978-06-07
1979-10-30
Nelms, David C.
Radiant energy
Photocells; circuits and apparatus
Photocell controlled circuit
250340, H01J 3912
Patent
active
RE0301310
ABSTRACT:
Optical radiation generation and detection using metal-to-metal diode junctions. Coherent optical radiation is generated by using an antenna connected to a metal-to-metal diode junction with non-linear current-voltage characteristics and by coupling to the junction electromagnetic radiation energy to interact with the junction, causing emission from the antenna at optical frequency absent from the input. Optical diodes are shown in the forms of a mechanically contacted cat whisker system and as single and multiple microscopic solid portions in an integrated solid mass, defining both the antenna and the junction, preferably as a deposit of solid layers upon a substrate, preferably as overlapping printed circuit line structures. Arrays of such junctions provide enhanced effects; useful arrays include Franklin-Marconi geometries, fish-bone antennas and row and column arrays. Such solid diode constructions and arrays thereof are used not only for optical radiation generation but also detection and mixing including use in an image scanner, energy converter and a broad band detector. The diodes as a radiation source are used in combination with an absorbtion cell in spectroscopic analysis, a feedback loop in a stable frequency source, and an optical frequency communicating system.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3448415 (1969-06-01), De Loach
patent: 3624553 (1971-11-01), Van-Tran
patent: 3649838 (1972-03-01), Phelan
patent: 3660673 (1972-05-01), Anderson
patent: 3719822 (1973-03-01), Javan et al.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Nelms David C.
Smith, Jr. Arthur A.
Williams John N.
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