Heat exchange – Structural installation – Related to wall – floor or ceiling structure of a chamber
Patent
1983-10-24
1986-10-28
Joyce, Harold
Heat exchange
Structural installation
Related to wall, floor or ceiling structure of a chamber
165908, B01J 800
Patent
active
046193120
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
In the assembled state the ventilating wall elements are intended to form the heat insulating part of an outer wall in a house building. (Where applicable the term wall also includes floors and ceilings.) Also other building walls may be appropriate, if there are temperature differences between spaces and a need for ventilation.
The problems underlying the invention are dealt with in the manual Bygg, del 6: Husbyggnadsteknik (Building, part 6: House building technology).
The energy losses which occur when ventilating heated (or cooled) spaces are considerable; e.g. in a dwelling house in northern latitudes the heat losses due to ventilation are about equally large as the heat flow through insulated walls and the ceiling. In workshops, where there is a major need for ventilation, the losses too are multiplied.
A well known difficulty which arises when ventilating heated spaces consists in the dry room air. Comprehensive air conditioning systems are frequently too expensive and take too much space. Also the heat recovery systems currently available cannot dispose of the humidity from the exhaust air and have, owing to the danger of freezing, a low efficiency.
In heated spaces where people are constantly present the surface temperature at the walls is also of great importance. Owing to the transfer resistance of the wall surfaces this temperature is always lower than the air temperature, which gives rise to so-called drafts and discomfort by way of irregularity in heat radiation.
The ventilating wall element of this invention transmits both humidity and heat from the exhaust air (fresh air) to the fresh air (exhaust air), as a result of which the energy losses arising in the course of ventilation are eliminated. Furthermore, the wall surface temperature becomes the same as that of the room air.
These characteristics are achieved owing to the fact that the element is designed as a heat exchanger of counterflow type and is produced entirely or in part of moisture-permeable material as well as in that the exhaust air is blown in at the rear of the wall surface.
The element is functionally symmetrical and can be used equally well for heated and for cooled spaces. Described below is an embodiment of an element intended for heated spaces and produced of cardboards:
List of figures (see drawing)
FIG. 1: The element seen from the room, from the side and from above.
FIG. 2: Detail A of an enlarged horizontal section.
FIG. 3: Detail B of an enlarged vertical section.
FIG. 4 is a view along lines A--A of FIG. 5; and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the ventilator as shown in detail in FIG. 2.
The element consists of thin vertical layers comprising narrow horizontal ducts (1) alternating for exhaust air and fresh air respectively. The ends of the element contain ducts (2) linking the above-mentioned ducts. The two outer layers on both sides of the element do not contain ducts and operate as pressure equalizing chambers (3).
The exhaust air is blown into the element from a header ducts (4) at the ceiling. The velocity is regulated with the aid of a fan. The air leaves the element through small openings at the bottom (5).
Fresh air is sucked in by the negative pressure at skirting (6) and enters the element through small openings at the top (7). If the required negative pressure is not available, use is made of a ducted fan also for the fresh air.
The air velocity is so adjusted as to counteract the natural convection. If the fan is not switched on the element acts as a conventional heat insulation.
The parameters for the element are on the one hand the temperature drop at right angles to the plane of the element, and on the other hand the temperature drop along the plane of the element. The temperature drop along the plane of the element, i.e. through the duct walls characterises the element's efficiency as regards heat recovery. The latter is controlled by the duct length (and choice of material). The amounts of air are controlled by the combined cross-sectional area of the ducts (and the air velocity).
Since the exhaust
REFERENCES:
patent: 3666007 (1972-05-01), Yoshino et al.
patent: 4040804 (1977-08-01), Harrison
patent: 4051898 (1977-10-01), Yoshino et al.
patent: 4155981 (1979-05-01), Chubb
patent: 4232821 (1980-11-01), Backlund
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